The four major causes of gastrointestinal bleeding

There are many reasons for the occurrence of bleeding symptoms in the digestive tract. From a clinical point of view, the four most common causes are: first, upper gastrointestinal diseases, such as esophagitis, esophageal injury, chronic gastritis, duodenitis, etc.; second, portal hypertension, such as hepatic venous obstruction syndrome, etc.; third, diseases of the adjacent organs or tissues of the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as acute pancreatitis with abscess rupture, etc.; fourth, systemic diseases, such as uremia, etc.

1. Upper gastrointestinal diseases

(1) Esophageal diseases: esophagitis, esophageal cancer, esophageal peptic ulcer, esophageal injury, etc.

(2) Gastroduodenal diseases: peptic ulcer, acute gastritis, chronic gastritis, gastric mucosal prolapse, gastric cancer, acute gastric dilatation, duodenitis, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, postoperative lesions of gastric surgery, etc.

(3) Jejunal diseases: Crohn's disease of the jejunum, jejunal ulcer after gastrointestinal anastomosis. Collected and compiled by Medicine|Education Network.

2. Portal hypertension

(1) Various decompensated stages of liver cirrhosis.

(2) Portal vein obstruction, portal vein venitis, portal vein thrombosis, and portal vein compression by adjacent masses.

(3) Hepatic veno-occlusive syndrome.

3. Diseases of organs or tissues adjacent to the upper gastrointestinal tract

(1) Biliary bleeding due to bile duct or gallbladder stones, gallbladder or bile duct cancer, compression necrosis of the bile duct caused by postoperative common bile duct drainage tube, liver cancer or hepatic artery aneurysm rupture into the bile duct.

(2) Pancreatic diseases involving the duodenum, pancreatic cancer, acute pancreatitis with abscess rupture.

(3) Aneurysm ruptures into the esophagus, stomach or duodenum, aortic aneurysm, hepatic or splenic artery aneurysm ruptures.

(4) Mediastinal tumor or abscess ruptures into the esophagus. Collected and compiled by Medicine|Education Network.

4. Systemic diseases

(1) Blood diseases: leukemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, hemophilia, disseminated intravascular coagulation and other coagulation disorders.

(2)Uremia.

(3) Vascular diseases: atherosclerosis, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, etc.

(4) Polyarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosus or other vasculitis.

(5) Stress ulcer, sepsis, trauma, burns or major surgery, shock, after treatment with adrenal glucocorticoids, cerebrovascular accident or other cranial lesions, emphysema and cor pulmonale, etc.