How to do manual CPR?

The heart is the most important organ in the human body. If the heart stops suddenly, it can easily cause life-threatening danger and may also lead to temporary shock or cardiac arrest. CPR is a way to rescue the heart, which can quickly revive the heart and maintain life. Mastering the steps of manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation is also very important, which can save lives in time.

Steps of CPR

Once cardiac arrest occurs, if it is not rescued and resuscitated immediately, it will cause irreversible damage to the patient's brain and other important organs and tissues after 4 to 6 minutes. Therefore, cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac arrest must be performed immediately on the spot. In our daily lives, we may always encounter an emergency situation where someone around us suffers from cardiac arrest. By learning and mastering cardiopulmonary resuscitation, we can carry out first aid actions well while waiting for the ambulance to arrive and save every second to save lives.

Conduct an environmental assessment: Confirm that the environment is safe.

Determine consciousness: call the patient (by both ears), tap the shoulder, and confirm loss of consciousness

Call for help immediately.

Quickly judge the breathing and carotid pulse for 5-10 seconds: check whether the chest rises and falls, confirm that breathing has stopped or is ineffective, record the time, judge the breathing and feel the carotid pulse at the same time: put the index and middle fingers together, and touch the center of the patient's trachea (equivalent to the Adam's apple) with the fingertips. If there is no pulse, open two fingers to the side and perform external chest compression immediately.

Let the patient lie on his back without twisting his body; undress and fully expose his chest.

2. Chest compressions

Compression: Compression location: The center of the chest (the lower middle part of the sternum, the midpoint of the line connecting the two nipples in men, just above the sternum)

Pressing technique: Place the base of one palm on the pressing area, and overlap the other hand parallel to it on the back of this hand with the fingers interlocked. Keep the fingers away from the chest wall, straighten both elbows, and keep the shoulders, elbows, and wrists in a straight line. Use the weight of the upper body to press down vertically.

Compression depth: 5-150px for adults

Compression frequency: 100-120 times/min

Ratio: Compression/relaxation ratio 1:1;

Compression/respiration ratio: Adults 30:2; Children and infants: 30:2 for one person; 15:2 for two people

Pressing interruption: controlled within 10 seconds

3. Artificial respiration

Open airway

⑴ Tilt the head to one side, check and clear the respiratory tract; remove the removable dentures.

⑵The operator places one hand on the patient's forehead and applies force with the palm downward and backward to make the head tilt back fully; use the index and middle fingers of the other hand to lift the chin forward.

Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation:

⑴ Keep the airway open, pinch the patient's nose with the thumb and index finger of the hand that presses the jaw, take a breath normally, hold your breath, seal the patient's mouth with your lips, blow air, and see the chest rise. The blowing time should be at least 1 second. After blowing, release the hand that is pinching the nose, observe the chest cavity rising, and repeat the blowing.

⑵ Use a simple respirator: Place the mask on the patient's mouth and nose, fix the mask with one hand, and squeeze 1/3 of the balloon with the other hand, with a tidal volume of 400-600ml, once every 6 seconds, and a frequency of 10 times/minute.