What are the pathological types of bladder cancer

Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the bladder. Hematuria may occur in the early stages of the disease. Therefore, if you have hematuria in your life, you should be alert to the occurrence of bladder cancer. So what are the pathological types of bladder cancer? How to treat it? Many people do not understand these more professional knowledge. Let's take a look at the pathological types of bladder cancer.

There are two main types of bladder cancer, based on histogenesis, epithelial tumors and non-epithelial tumors. Epithelial tumors have a high incidence, accounting for more than 95%, mainly urothelial carcinoma, followed by squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. There are also some other types that are relatively rare, such as small cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. Some urothelial carcinomas have regional squamous or glandular metaplasia, which is often difficult to prevent.

If bladder cancer is classified according to its growth pattern, it can be divided into three categories: one is papilloma or papillary carcinoma, another is inverted papilloma or invasive carcinoma, and the other is non-papillary and non-invasive (carcinoma in situ).

Although bladder cancer can occur in any part of the bladder, the most common sites are the trigone and near the ureteral orifice, as well as the side wall, top, and anterior wall of the bladder. Bladder urothelial carcinoma is divided into non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma, and the treatment methods are also different.

For non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma, transurethral electroresection is often used for treatment. Bladder perfusion can be performed after surgery to prevent recurrence. For muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma and bladder squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, total cystectomy is often used, which can be determined according to the situation. Some patients can also be treated with partial cystectomy.

In addition, muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma can also be treated with chemotherapy + surgery. Generally, chemotherapy is the main treatment for metastatic bladder cancer. The specific chemotherapy regimen can be determined according to the situation.

The above are the pathological types of bladder cancer. It can be seen that bladder cancer has many classifications, and treatment also requires different therapies according to different types. Therefore, it is recommended that patients who develop bladder cancer should follow the doctor's instructions for treatment according to their own type under the guidance of a doctor to achieve better prognosis and reduce its harm.