What harm does acetonitrile do to the human body

Acetonitrile is a chemical substance that is quite harmful to the human body. It can enter the body through inhalation or diet, and can also be absorbed by the body through skin contact. It often causes pale complexion, gastrointestinal disorders, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and other symptoms. More severe cases can cause paroxysmal convulsions, lead to coma in patients, and even respiratory failure, etc.

1. Toxicity: Moderately toxic .

Acute toxicity: LD50 2730mg/kg (rat oral); 1250mg/kg (rabbit dermal); LC50 12663mg/m3, 8h (rat inhalation) Human inhalation >500ppm, nausea, vomiting, chest tightness, abdominal pain, etc.; Human inhalation 160ppm×4h, 1/2 of the people have mild congestion on their faces.

Subacute toxicity: Cats inhaled its vapor 7 mg/m3, 4h/d for 6 months. One month after exposure, conditioned reflexes began to be destroyed. Pathological examination revealed pathological changes in the liver, kidney and lung.

Mutagenicity: Sex chromosome deletion and nondisjunction: Saccharomyces cerevisiae 47600ppm.

Reproductive toxicity: The lowest oral toxic dose (TDL0) for hamsters is 300 mg/kg (8 days of gestation), which causes abnormalities in musculoskeletal development.

Dangerous characteristics: Flammable, its vapor can form explosive mixture with air. There is a risk of combustion and explosion if exposed to open flame, high heat or contact with oxidants.

Combustion (decomposition) products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen cyanide.

2. On-site emergency monitoring methods :

Direct water injection gas chromatography

3. Laboratory monitoring methods :

Gas chromatography, "Determination of harmful substances in the air", "Water quality analysis encyclopedia" edited by Zhang Hongtao and others

Gas chromatography "Solid Waste Test and Analysis Evaluation Manual" translated by China Environmental Monitoring Center, etc.

Nessler's reagent colorimetric method "Determination of harmful substances in the air of chemical enterprises", "Water Quality Analysis Encyclopedia" edited by Zhang Hongtao and others

4. Environmental standards :

China (TJ36-79) The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in workshop air is 3mg/m3

PC-TWA time-weighted average allowable concentration 30mg/m3

China (to be promulgated) Maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in drinking water sources: 5.0 mg/L[1]

The former Soviet Union (1975) The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in water is 0.7 mg/L

Olfactory threshold concentration 68mg/m3

The skin absorption of acetonitrile in air is negligible and is essentially inhalation. There are definitely hazards, but the national standard stipulates that the maximum concentration of acetonitrile in the air is 3 mg/cubic meter, so there won't be any problem unless the environmental content exceeds the standard and reaches about 10, in which case poisoning symptoms will appear within a year or two. The protection method is rubber gloves, adhesive protective clothing, and full-face filter gas mask. It's a bit exaggerated. Only people who come into contact with acetonitrile on the production line need to wear it like this.