What are the symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis?

Ketoacidosis can be said to be a very common disease, especially for people with diabetes. It can be said to be one of the acute complications of diabetes. Of course, the occurrence of each disease has many different reasons, and we also need to understand the symptoms of the disease. Ketoacidosis may sound more professional, and many people do not understand its symptoms. So today let us take a detailed look at this disease and see what the symptoms of ketoacidosis are.

Main symptoms

1. It is common in diabetic patients who take large amounts of biguanides, and those with concurrent infections, sepsis, and severe chronic heart, lung, liver, and kidney diseases. It can also easily cause increased lactic acid production and metabolic disorders.

2. The main symptoms are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.

Diabetic lactic acidosis symptoms and auxiliary examination

1. Increased blood lactate (>5mmol/L), blood pH <7.35, anion gap >18mmol/L, NaHCO3 <20mmol/L. ,2. Symptoms of diabetic lactic acidosis Physical examination revealed: low body temperature, deep and large breathing, skin flushing, decreased blood pressure, shock, and impaired consciousness.

2. Changes in serum potassium before and after treatment

Patients with diabetic ketoacidosis have normal or low blood potassium before treatment, which increases when the urine is oliguric. Hypokalemia may occur after treatment, and arrhythmias may occur in severe cases. Blood sodium and blood chloride decreased, and blood urea nitrogen and creatinine increased.

Care methods

1. According to critical care

After confirming ketoacidosis, you must stay in bed and rest, and immediately cooperate with emergency treatment. Place the patient in a single room, keep the room quiet and air fresh, and have emergency medicines and equipment available to facilitate rescue. Pay attention to keeping the airway open, lie sideways or supine with your head tilted to one side to prevent lung infection. At the same time, closely observe blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, body temperature, consciousness, blood sugar, urine volume, urine sugar, urine ketones, blood gas analysis and electrolytes. Measure blood pressure, respiration, and pulse every 0.5 to 2 hours; record intake and output; check urine sugar and urine ketones every 2 hours, and check blood sugar and electrolytes every 2 to 4 hours.

2. Fluid replacement to prevent complications

Rapidly establish intravenous access, correct water, electrolyte and acid-base imbalances, and correct ketosis symptoms. In treatment, it is not advisable to lower blood sugar and supplement alkaline fluid too hastily to avoid complications such as hypokalemia, hypoglycemia, low blood osmotic pressure and cerebral edema. For patients who have just stopped infusion, 4 to 8 U of insulin should be injected subcutaneously before going to bed at night to prevent the appearance of ketone bodies in the early morning of the next day.

3. Use regular insulin as prescribed by your doctor

When using small doses of insulin, the aspiration dose must be correct to reduce the occurrence of hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, and cerebral edema.

4. Indwelling Catheterization Care

The patient has urinary incontinence and easily stains the bed sheets, so a urethral catheter is placed, but the perineum should be scrubbed daily and the bladder should be flushed twice a day with normal saline plus 160,000 units of gentamicin.

5. Deal with the triggers

Assist in dealing with induced diseases and complications, closely observe vital signs, consciousness, and pupils (see coma care routine), and assist in measuring and recording blood sugar.