What are the main types of personality cognitive disorders?

Patients with personality and cognitive disorders may be overly sensitive, slow to feel, physically tired, and even suffer from neurotic disorders and hallucinations. Severe cases may lead to memory problems, resulting in memory errors, excessive memory, or memory loss. More serious patients may experience schizophrenia and mania, paranoid psychosis, depression and mania, so personality disorders may also be accompanied by some mental problems.

Cognitive impairment mainly includes:

(1) Perceptual disorders, such as hypersensitivity, dysesthesia, internal discomfort, sensory deterioration, sensory deprivation, pathological illusions, hallucinations, and perceptual complex disorders;

(2) memory disorders, such as hypermnesia, memory loss, and memory errors;

(3) Thinking disorders, such as abstract generalization process disorders, associative process disorders, logical thinking disorders, delusions, etc.

The causes of the above-mentioned cognitive disorders are varied. In addition to organic diseases, most of them are caused by mental illness. Such as neurasthenia, hysteria, hypochondria, menopausal syndrome, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, senile dementia, schizophrenia, reactive psychosis, paranoid psychosis, mania, bipolar disorder, etc.

Specific categories

1. Sensory impairment

1. Sensory impairment

Disorders of sensation mainly include hyperesthesia, hypoesthesia and internal discomfort.

2. Perceptual impairment

Perceptual disorders mainly include illusions and hallucinations.

1. Illusion refers to the distorted perception of objective facts. Illusions may occur in both physiological and pathological conditions.

Name Conditions of occurrence Can it be corrected?

Physiological illusions can be corrected after verification under conditions such as dim light, fear, tension and menstruation

Pathological illusions often occur when consciousness is impaired and cannot be corrected

2. Hallucination: Hallucination is an illusory perception, which refers to the perceptual experience that occurs when there is no corresponding objective stimulation from the outside world acting on the sensory organs. Hallucination is the most common and important psychotic symptom in clinical practice, and often exists together with delusion.

(1) Depending on the sensory organs involved, hallucinations can be divided into auditory hallucinations, visual hallucinations, olfactory hallucinations, gustatory hallucinations, and visceral hallucinations.

(2) Hallucinations can be divided into true hallucinations and false hallucinations based on the source of the experience.

(3) According to the special conditions that produce hallucinations, they can be divided into functional hallucinations, thought ringing, psychogenic hallucinations and hypnagogic hallucinations.

3. Comprehensive Perceptual Disorder

Psychosensory disturbance refers to the patient's ability to correctly perceive the essential attributes or the whole of objective things, but to perceive certain individuals such as size and shape. Incorrect perception of color, distance, spatial position, etc. is common in epilepsy.

2. Thinking disorders

1. Disorder of the thinking form includes two parts: disorder of thinking association and disorder of thinking logic.

2. Thought content disorder

1. Delusion is a pathological distorted belief, morbid reasoning and judgment, and one of the most common symptoms of mental patients. Its characteristics are:

① The content of the belief is inconsistent with the facts and has no objective reality basis, but the patient firmly believes it;

② The content of the delusions involves the patient himself and is related to personal interests.