What are the symptoms of lung disease

The lungs are a very important organ in the human body. When the lungs are abnormal, it is easy to cause various lung diseases. There are many types of lung diseases clinically, and different types of diseases manifest different symptoms. Therefore, when treating, it is important to understand the type of disease and prescribe the right medicine. So what are the symptoms of lung disease?

1. Chronic bronchitis

Chronic bronchitis refers to a chronic, nonspecific inflammation of the trachea, bronchial mucosa and surrounding tissues. If the patient coughs and produces sputum for more than 3 months each year for 2 consecutive years or longer, and other known causes of chronic cough can be excluded, chronic bronchitis can be diagnosed.

2. Emphysema

Emphysema refers to the abnormal and persistent expansion of the distal air spaces of the terminal bronchioles of the lungs, with destruction of the alveolar walls and bronchioles, without obvious pulmonary fibrosis.

3. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The concept of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a lung disease characterized by airflow limitation. The airflow limitation is not completely reversible and develops progressively. The exact cause is not very clear, but it is believed to be related to the abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to harmful substances. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is closely related to chronic bronchitis and pulmonary or emphysema. When patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema show airflow obstruction on pulmonary function tests and it is not fully reversible, they are diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. If their airflow limitation is reversible, they are diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The concept of chronic cor pulmonale is that chronic lesions of the bronchi, lung tissue, pulmonary blood vessels or thorax cause abnormalities in the structure and function of the lung tissue, resulting in increased pulmonary vascular resistance and elevated pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricular dilatation or hypertrophy, or heart disease accompanied by right heart failure, and excludes congenital heart disease and left heart lesions.

4. Asthma

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways involving multiple cells and cellular components. This chronic inflammation leads to increased airway responsiveness, usually with widespread reversible airflow limitation, and causes recurrent symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness or coughing, which can be relieved spontaneously or through treatment. Long-term repeated attacks can cause airway reconstruction and lead to airway stenosis.

5. Bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis refers to the abnormal dilation of medium-sized proximal bronchi with a diameter greater than 2 mm due to destruction of the muscle and elastic tissue of the bronchi wall. The main symptoms are chronic cough, coughing up large amounts of purulent sputum and repeated hemoptysis. Most patients have a history of childhood measles, whooping cough, or bronchopneumonia.