What causes painful urination?

When urinating, you feel pain in the urethra, bladder and perineum, or even a burning sensation, or have symptoms of frequent urination, urgency, and pain when urinating. These may be caused by infection. There are many reasons for painful urination. It is best to go to the hospital for examination to find out the specific cause.

1. Gonorrhea

A sexually transmitted disease with the highest number of clinical cases caused by gonococci. The main symptoms are urethritis, redness and swelling of the urethral opening, pus discharge, stinging and burning sensation. Difficulty urinating and frequent urination. If not treated promptly, it may turn into chronic urethritis. Female gonorrhea patients present with cervicitis, purulent discharge from the vaginal opening, vaginal redness, swelling, congestion and stinging, and other symptoms are not obvious.

2. Non-gonococcal urethritis

A sexually transmitted disease mainly caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma. The symptoms are similar to those of gonorrhea, with an incubation period of 10 to 20 days. The onset symptoms are mild and include urinary pain, urethral discomfort, urethral itching, burning or stinging, urethral redness and swelling, urethral secretions, thin and sticky discharge, and "muddy" discharge in the morning. Improper handling or untimely treatment may cause premature ejaculation, acute epididymitis, prostatitis, male infertility, etc.

3. Genital herpes

A highly contagious sexually transmitted disease caused by herpes simplex virus type 2. Itching, burning and pain can mainly be seen in the genitals, thighs or buttocks. This is followed by noticeable ulcers on the genitals, buttocks, anus, or other parts of the body. The injury heals within a few weeks, but in most people it recurs.

4. Genital warts

It is a sexually transmitted disease that is caused by the genital warts virus and is the most difficult to cure. The genital warts virus is the human papillomavirus, which has multiple subtypes, such as HPV1, 2, 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35. Genital warts can develop on the vulva, vagina, cervix, and anus. Cauliflower-like growths appear in the genital area and can break, ooze, and become infected, and can even appear in the throat.

5. Syphilis

A sexually transmitted disease caused by infection with Treponema pallidum, which can invade the human heart, eyes, brain, bones and nervous system. The disease has a long course and symptoms appear and disappear from time to time. The natural course of this disease is divided into three stages: in the first stage, erythema, papules, and ulcers appear at the site of virus invasion, and these symptoms may disappear after a period of time; in the second stage, the virus multiplies in large numbers in the blood, and erythema, blood rash, maculopapular rashes, etc. similar to pityriasis rosea, psoriasis, and acne appear on the skin and mucous membranes. If it is not treated at this time and enters the third stage, it will be life-threatening if not treated in time.

6. Mycoplasma and Chlamydia

Mycoplasma and Chlamydia are a special type of non-gonococcal urethritis. They are neither bacteria nor viruses, but a separate type of microorganism. It is extremely harmful to the reproductive systems of men and women and can lead to infertility. Clinically, symptoms include painful urination, slightly red urethral opening, frequent urination, incomplete urination, urethral pain, burning sensation, dripping urine, back pain, dull pain in the lower abdomen, and discomfort in the perineum.

7. Trichomoniasis

An infection caused by a parasite whose symptoms include vaginal discharge, discomfort during sexual intercourse, painful urination, and a foul vaginal odor.