How to relieve migraine pain? Try these measures

Everyone knows that Cao Cao during the Three Kingdoms period often suffered from headaches, and when he had a headache, he looked like a madman, very crazy. We all know that there are many causes of headaches, and most of them are difficult to cure. We can only relieve the severity of the headache. Migraine is a common disease that often causes pain on one side of the patient's head and makes the patient feel nauseous. Many factors can stimulate the onset of migraine. So how to relieve the pain of migraine?

Links and measures:

The goal of migraine treatment is to reduce or terminate headache attacks, relieve associated symptoms, and prevent headache recurrence. Treatment includes both drug treatment and non-drug treatment. Non-drug treatment mainly includes physical therapy, magnetic therapy, oxygen therapy, psychological counseling, relieving stress, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and avoiding various migraine triggers. Drug treatment is divided into attack treatment and preventive treatment. For best results, medications should usually be started as soon as symptoms begin. Treatment includes nonspecific analgesics such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids, and specific drugs such as ergot preparations and triptans. The choice of medication should be individualized based on comprehensive considerations such as the severity of headache, accompanying symptoms, and previous medication use.

1. Mild to moderate headache: NSAIDs such as acetaminophen, naproxen, ibuprofen, etc. can be effective alone. If ineffective, use migraine-specific treatment drugs. Opioid preparations such as pethidine are also effective for confirmed acute migraine attacks. Due to their addictive nature, they are not recommended for routine treatment of migraine. However, for cases where ergot preparations or triptans are contraindicated, such as those with concomitant heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, or migraine during pregnancy, pethidine can be given to terminate the acute migraine attack.

2. Moderate to severe headaches: Migraine-specific treatment drugs such as ergot preparations and triptans can be directly used to improve symptoms as quickly as possible. Some patients who have severe headaches but have responded well to NSAIDs in the past can still choose NSAIDs. ① Ergot preparations: They are non-selective agonists of 5-HT1 receptors. The drugs include ergotamine and dihydroergotamine (DHE), which can terminate acute attacks of migraine. ② Triptans: They are selective agonists of 5-HT1B/1D receptors, which may exert analgesic effects by constricting cerebral blood vessels and inhibiting the transmission of pain sensation in peripheral nerves and secondary neurons of the "trigeminal cervical complex". Commonly used drugs include sumatriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan, zolmitriptan, and almotriptan. Adverse reactions of ergot and triptan drugs include nausea, vomiting, palpitations, irritability, anxiety, and peripheral vasoconstriction. Large-scale long-term use can cause hypertension and limb ischemic necrosis. The above two types of drugs have strong vasoconstrictive effects and are contraindicated in patients with severe hypertension, heart disease and pregnant women. In addition, if ergot and triptan drugs are used too frequently, it will cause medication overdose headache. To avoid this situation, it is recommended not to use the drugs more than 2 to 3 days a week.

3. Associated symptoms: Nausea and vomiting are prominent associated symptoms of migraine and are also common adverse reactions of drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to use antiemetics (such as metoclopramide 10 mg intramuscular injection) in combination. For patients with severe vomiting, small doses of perphenazine or chlorpromazine can be given. People who are irritable can be given benzodiazepines to help them calm down and fall asleep.