What are the characteristics of hyperthyroidism?

Hyperthyroidism is a common disease caused by excessive secretion of thyroid hormones. Its full medical name is hyperthyroidism, and people suffering from this disease are relatively common. The main symptoms of hyperthyroidism include eating a lot but still being thin, often feeling anxious, sweating a lot, being afraid of heat, and having symptoms such as swollen neck, bulging eyes, and shaking hands. If not treated in time, it will cause great harm to the human body and mind.

1. Patients with nervous system are easily excited, mentally sensitive, have fine tremors when the tongue and two hands are raised and extended forward, are talkative and hyperactive, suffer from insomnia and tension, have poor concentration, are anxious, irritable, suspicious, etc., sometimes have hallucinations, and even submania, but there are also those who are taciturn and depressed. Patients have active tendon reflexes and shortened reflex time. Patients with metabolic syndrome are afraid of heat and sweat a lot, often have low fever, and may have high fever during crisis. They often have palpitations and rapid pulse, and their appetite is obviously increased, but they lose weight and feel tired and weak.

2 Goiters are mostly diffuse and symmetrically enlarged, but a few are asymmetrical or obviously enlarged. At the same time, the blood flow to the thyroid gland increases, and vascular murmurs and palpable thrills can be heard on the outer sides of the upper and lower lobes, especially in the upper part of the gland. This sign is characteristic and has important diagnostic significance

3. Eye signs are divided into infiltrative exophthalmos and non-infiltrative exophthalmos. The latter is also called benign exophthalmos. The patient's eyeballs protrude, and the eyes stare or show a look of fear; the former is called malignant exophthalmos, which can be transformed from benign exophthalmos. Patients with malignant exophthalmos often have photophobia, tearing, diplopia, decreased vision, eye swelling and pain, stinging, foreign body sensation, etc. Due to the high protrusion of the eyeball, the eyes cannot be closed, and the conjunctiva and cornea are exposed, causing congestion, edema, corneal ulceration, and even blindness. Some patients with hyperthyroidism have no eye symptoms or the symptoms are not obvious.

4 Cardiovascular system complaints of palpitations and shortness of breath, which are significantly aggravated by the slightest activity. Common symptoms include tachycardia (mostly sinus), arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy, enlargement and congestive heart failure. In severe cases, there are serious manifestations such as arrhythmia, cardiac enlargement, heart failure, and there are also reports of sudden ventricular fibrillation.

5. Digestive system : Increased appetite but significant weight loss, the combination of the two often indicates the possibility of this disease or diabetes. Excessive thyroid hormone can stimulate intestinal peristalsis and increase the frequency of bowel movements, sometimes causing steatorrhea due to fat malabsorption. Thyroid hormone also has a direct toxic effect on the liver, causing hepatomegaly, BSP retention, increased GPT, etc.

6 In addition to affecting gonadal function, excessive secretion of thyroid hormone in the endocrine system often affects the adrenal cortex function in the early stages of the disease, while in patients with severe conditions (such as crisis), its function is relatively reduced or even incomplete; the pituitary gland secretes more ACTH, the plasma cortisol concentration is normal, but its clearance rate is accelerated, indicating that its transport and utilization are accelerated. Eye changes caused by hyperthyroidism.

7 The main manifestation of the motor system is muscle weakness, and hyperthyroid myopathy can be seen in a few cases.