Subcutaneous lump in calf

Be careful when a lump appears under the skin of the calf, as it may be a soft tissue tumor. There are many types of tissue tumors, and the causative factors include environment, injury, burns, frostbite or infection by foreign bodies, which are also major factors that cause tumors. During this period, you must pay attention to understand the condition first to avoid continued worsening of the disease at this stage and causing harm to the body.

Soft tissue tumors are a large and heterogeneous group of tumors that are usually classified into benign or malignant based on their morphology similar to normal tissue.

Benign tumors are similar in morphology to corresponding normal tissues, with limited autonomous growth and local infiltration capabilities. Most of them will not recur after local resection. Malignant tumors, or sarcomas, have the tendency to continue to grow and infiltrate and destroy surrounding normal tissues. Local resection often leads to recurrence and metastasis.

The following is a selection of lecture content, please watch the video:

Definition of soft tissue

It refers to the general term for non-epithelial tissue outside the human body's bones and central nervous system, excluding the supporting and lymphatic hematopoietic tissues of various internal organs; it includes fibers, fat, skeletal muscles, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and peripheral nerves. In embryology, most of them originate from the mesoderm, and peripheral nerves originate from the neuroectoderm.

Classification of soft tissue tumors

Soft tissue tumors are a large and heterogeneous group of tumors that are usually classified into benign or malignant based on their morphology similar to normal tissue. Benign tumors are similar in morphology to corresponding normal tissues, with limited autonomous growth and local infiltration capabilities. Most of them will not recur after local resection. Malignant tumors, or sarcomas, have the tendency to continue to grow and infiltrate and destroy surrounding normal tissues. Local resection often leads to recurrence and metastasis.

Causative factors

Environmental factors:

A: Injury, burns, scalds, frostbite, etc.

B: Foreign body.

C: Chemistry, dioxin.

D: Radiation.

Virus:

HHV8-Kaposi,

Epstein-Barr virus-leiomyosarcoma.

Immune factors: HHV8-Immunocompromised-Kaposi.

Radical treatment of breast cancer - low local immunity - angiosarcoma

Genetic factors: neurofibromatosis type Ⅰ, neurofibromatosis type Ⅱ, etc.

Beware of subcutaneous lumps

Benign mesenchymal tumors far outnumber sarcomas (at least 100:1)

Benign tumors: at least 30% are lipomas; 30% are fibrous tumors; 10% are vascular tumors (half are <20 years old); 5% are nerve sheath tumors.

99% of benign tumors are superficial; 95% are < 5 cm in diameter; 75% are located in the limbs (especially the thighs); and 10% are located in the trunk and retroperitoneum.

Lipoma

Lipoma is a benign tumor with a soft texture and smooth surface.

Lipoma is a benign tumor formed by the proliferation of mature adipose tissue. It is more common in adults aged 40 to 50. The tumor is soft, round or lobed, located under the skin and can be pushed; the tumors vary in size, some are as small as a date and can only be felt by hand, while the larger ones may bulge out from the skin surface, but the surface skin remains normal. The tumor may be single or multiple and may occur anywhere on the body surface, most commonly on the shoulders, back, and abdomen. Most of them have no subjective symptoms. Angiolipoma is a special type of lipoma, which is more common in young people. It often occurs in the lower limbs and can cause conscious pain and pain when touched.