What is the problem with gastrointestinal bleeding

Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common clinical syndrome and may be caused by a variety of diseases, such as common duodenal diseases or lesions in the gastroesophageal area, which can cause gastrointestinal bleeding symptoms.

1. Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common clinical syndrome and can be caused by a variety of diseases. The digestive tract refers to the tube from the esophagus to the anus, including the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon and rectum. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding refers to bleeding in the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, upper jejunum, pancreatic duct and bile duct above the suspensory ligament of the duodenum (Treitz ligament). Intestinal bleeding below the suspensory ligament of the duodenum is called lower gastrointestinal bleeding. With the development of endoscopic technology, the new term "mid-digestive tract" has changed the traditional concept of segmentation of the digestive tract. The new definition uses the duodenal papilla and ileocecal valve as landmarks, dividing the digestive tract into the "upper digestive tract" (above the duodenal papilla), the "middle digestive tract" (from the duodenal papilla to the ileocecal valve), and the "lower digestive tract" (cecum, colon, and rectum).

2. Clinical manifestations

The clinical manifestations vary depending on the site, amount and rate of bleeding.

1. General Condition

Small amounts (less than 400 ml) and chronic bleeding often have no obvious symptoms. In case of acute and massive bleeding, symptoms such as dizziness, palpitations, cold sweats, fatigue, dry mouth, and even fainting, cold limbs, oliguria, irritability, and shock may occur.

2. Vital signs

Changes in pulse and blood pressure are important indicators of the extent of blood loss. In acute gastrointestinal bleeding, blood volume decreases sharply, and the initial compensatory function of the body is to increase the heart rate. If the bleeding cannot be stopped or blood volume cannot be replenished in time, a shock state will occur and the pulse will be weak or even unclear. In the early stages of shock, blood pressure may increase compensatorily. As the amount of bleeding increases, blood pressure gradually decreases, and the patient enters a state of hemorrhagic shock.

3Other associated symptoms and signs

Depending on the primary disease, there may be other corresponding clinical manifestations, such as abdominal pain, fever, intestinal obstruction, hematemesis, bloody stools, tarry stools, abdominal masses, spider nevi, varicose veins of the abdominal wall, jaundice, etc.