Causes of allergic mycoplasma pulmonary aspergillosis

The lungs are an important organ for us to be allergic to air, and they also play a big role in our body's blood circulation. However, the lungs are also more prone to some diseases. For example, allergic mycoplasma pulmonary aspergillosis is very common, especially many elderly people are very susceptible to this disease. So what are the causes of this type of disease? Let’s take a brief look at it!

1. Non-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis includes:

1. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an allergic reaction, which is mainly an allergic reaction of the host to Aspergillus secretions. Damage to the airway mucosa and excessive mucus production lead to mucus impaction and central bronchiectasis. 2%-3% of asthma cases are caused by this disease, and treatment with cortical hormones is effective.

2. Saprophytic Aspergillosis (mold ball) occurs in people with lung cavities. Aspergillus parasitizes in the cavity. The underlying diseases are often tuberculosis cavities, sarcoidosis bullae, bronchiectasis, emphysema bullae, pulmonary fibrosis cavities, etc. The fungal ball can increase in size, decrease in size, disappear, or become invasive or semi-invasive, so it also requires appropriate treatment.

2. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) 1. Chronic necrotizing aspergillosis (semi-invasive aspergillosis) can locally invade lung tissue, and may form cavities or aspergilloma balls. The general course of the disease is more than 30 days. 2. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is also called disseminated or systemic aspergillosis. Once the fungus causes disease, it develops rapidly and is highly invasive to blood vessels. It is the most pathogenic type of Aspergillus. This type of disease is difficult to diagnose at the beginning and has a high mortality rate. Treatment is often delayed after the diagnosis is confirmed, and the good opportunity for treatment is often lost.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis occurs in people with normal immune function, which is called primary invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. It is mostly caused by long-term exposure to an environment with a large number of Aspergillus spores due to occupational reasons (such as handling fur, drying grain, and raising pigeons). The excessive inhalation of Aspergillus spores exceeds the body's defense capabilities and causes the disease.

Secondary invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is mostly caused by inhalation of Aspergillus through the respiratory tract, and only 25%-50% of cases spread to organs outside the chest cavity. It often occurs in patients with poor general condition and low immune function, and is often manifested as chronic infection, fever, cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, and sputum sometimes with green or gray-green particles. There are two types of hemoptysis: one is pulmonary infiltration with blood in the sputum, and the other is fungal invasion of blood vessel walls to form aneurysms, which can cause fatal hemoptysis. In a few cases, communicating branches are formed with the intercostal vessels, and special attention must be paid during surgical resection of the lesions. Pulmonary Aspergillus can also invade the pleura and pericardium, forming pleural and pericardial effusions. It can also spread through the blood to other organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract, brain, liver, thyroid, endocardium, etc. It can also cause a hypercoagulable state and form pulmonary embolism.

High risk factors for disease:

(1) White blood cell count <0.5x109/L for more than 10 days;

(2) Immunosuppressants were used for more than 30 days;

(3) Continuous use of glucocorticoids for more than 3 weeks;

(4) The presence of other fungal infections;

(5) Long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics;

(6) Chronic underlying diseases: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), immune diseases;

(7) Mechanical ventilation and indwelling catheter;

(8) Organ transplant host.

Treatment: Early diagnosis and treatment are necessary, and during treatment, the immune deficiency and granulocytopenia should be corrected and the dosage of adrenal cortex hormone should be reduced. Aspergillus

Effective drugs are divided into the following categories based on their mechanism of action and structure:

1. Polyenes: such as amphotericin, are the first choice for the treatment of this disease.

2. Triazoles: including itraconazole and voriconazole. 3. Echinocandins: The representative drug is caspofungin.

Through the introduction above, I believe that friends should have a detailed understanding of lung diseases. Patients must pay more attention to hygiene in daily life and avoid going to crowded places. Especially patients with more sensitive bodies need to pay more attention and develop good living habits. Good living habits are very important!