What are the symptoms of cerebral infarction

Most patients with cerebral infarction are between 50 and 60 years old, but many people between 70 and 80 are also prone to cerebral infarction. When cerebral infarction occurs, patients will mainly show symptoms of dizziness, vertigo, short-term numbness of the limbs, and some discomfort when walking or getting up. In particular, most patients are at the peak of the disease when they show these symptoms. Sudden onset of cerebral infarction can cause rapid necrosis of the patient's body, so attention should be paid to timely rescue.

Symptoms and signs

People who are more likely to suffer from cerebral infarction are people over 50 to 60 years old, often those with atherosclerosis, hypertension, rheumatic heart disease, coronary heart disease or diabetes, as well as those with bad habits such as smoking and drinking. About 25% of patients have a history of transient ischemic attack before the onset of the disease. There are often prodromal symptoms before the onset of the disease, such as headache, dizziness, vertigo, transient limb numbness and weakness. The onset is generally slow, and patients often develop the disease when they are quiet or sleeping. For most patients, symptoms reach their peak after a few hours or even 1 to 3 days.

After a cerebral infarction, most patients are conscious, while a few may have varying degrees of consciousness disorders. Generally, there are no obvious changes in vital signs. If a large area of ​​cerebral hemisphere is infarcted, ischemic, or edematous, the function of the diencephalon and brainstem may be affected, resulting in impaired consciousness and even brain herniation and death soon after the onset of the disease. If the patient becomes unconscious immediately after the onset of the disease, vertebral-basilar artery system cerebral infarction should be considered.

1. Main clinical symptoms The clinical symptoms of cerebral infarction are complex, which are related to the site of brain damage, the size of ischemic blood vessels, the severity of ischemia, the presence or absence of other diseases before the onset of the disease, and the presence or absence of other important organ diseases. In mild cases, there may be no symptoms at all, that is, asymptomatic cerebral infarction; it may also manifest as recurrent limb paralysis or dizziness, that is, transient ischemic attack; severe cases may not only have limb paralysis, but may even lead to acute coma and death. If the lesion affects the cerebral cortex, epileptic seizures may occur in the acute phase of cerebrovascular disease, with the highest incidence rate within 1 day after the onset of the disease. Cerebrovascular disease with epilepsy as the first onset is rare. Common symptoms include:

(1) Subjective symptoms: headache, dizziness, vertigo, nausea and vomiting, motor and/or sensory aphasia, and even coma.

(2) Cranial nerve symptoms: both eyes staring toward the side of the lesion, central facial paralysis and tongue paralysis, pseudobulbar palsy such as choking on water and difficulty swallowing.

(3) Physical symptoms: hemiplegia or mild hemiplegia, hemisesthesia, unstable gait, limb weakness, incontinence, etc.

2. Clinical classification of cerebral infarction site The infarction area of ​​cerebral infarction is the largest in lacunar infarction, and the clinical manifestations are: subacute onset, dizziness, unstable gait, limb weakness, a few have choking when drinking water, difficulty swallowing, hemiplegia, hemisensory loss, and some patients have no localizing signs.

Medium-sized infarction is more common in the basal ganglia, paralateral ventricle, thalamus, bilateral frontal lobe, and temporal lobe areas. The clinical manifestations are: sudden headache, dizziness, frequent nausea and vomiting, clear consciousness, hemiplegia, or hemisensory disturbance, hemianopsia, central facial paralysis and tongue paralysis, pseudobulbar palsy, aphasia, etc.

Patients with large-area infarction have an acute onset and severe clinical manifestations, and may suffer from hemiplegia, hemisesthesia, or even quadriplegia, cerebral hernia, and coma.