What are the urine examination items

The health of the urinary system is particularly important to the body. Therefore, many people want to fully understand what urinary examination items are included in order to maintain the health of their urinary system. The following content provides a detailed introduction for many friends, so for many friends who want to have a comprehensive understanding, you can take a look at the detailed introduction below.

The maximum range of urine specific gravity is 1.002~1.030, generally 1.015~1.025, and morning urine is around 1.020. 1. Increased urine specific gravity: prerenal oliguria caused by high fever, dehydration, etc.; glucosuria; albuminuria, and radioactive contrast agents can all increase urine specific gravity. 2. Decreased urine specific gravity: reflects low osmotic pressure urine, which can show damage to the renal tubules and interstitium; in diabetes insipidus, the urine presents with severe low specific gravity.

Urine sediment examination

White blood cell count <5/HP indicates urinary tract infection.

Red blood cells 0~occasionally/HP can be seen in urinary stones, inflammation, glomerular diseases, etc.; it can also be seen in systemic hemorrhagic diseases such as thrombocytopenic purpura, hemophilia, etc.

Children <3/HP

Epithelial cells: 0 to a small number/HP: Renal tubular epithelial cells may be seen in renal parenchymal damage; a large number of transitional epithelial cells may alert you to transitional cell carcinoma; a large number of stratified squamous epithelial cells may indicate urethritis.

Casts: 0 ~ Occasionally, hyaline casts/HP Renal epithelial cell casts may be seen in acute tubular necrosis, renal amyloid degeneration, acute glomerulonephritis, chronic nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, rejection after renal transplantation, poisoning by metals and other chemicals; red blood cell casts are common in glomerular diseases; white blood cell casts often indicate active infection in the renal parenchyma; granular casts often indicate chronic nephritis or the late stage of acute glomerulonephritis; hyaline casts may be seen in physiological or nephrotic syndrome, chronic nephritis, heart failure, etc.; waxy casts often indicate severe tubular disease; renal failure casts often indicate a poor prognosis.

Urine sediment 12-hour count (Addis count)

Red blood cells < 500,000/12h The number of cells and casts in the urine of patients with various types of nephritis can increase from mild to significant. The white blood cell count increases significantly in pyelonephritis, urinary tract infection and prostatitis.

White blood cell count < 1 million/12 hours

Tubules < 5000/12h

Urine sediment count 3 hours

In leukocytic pyelonephritis, the excretion of white blood cells increases, up to 400,000/h. In acute glomerulonephritis, the excretion of red blood cells increases, up to 200,000/h.

Male <70,000/h

Female <140,000/h

Red blood cells

Male <30,000/h

Female <40,000/h

Tube type 0/h

The above is a detailed introduction to the items of urinary examination. Therefore, for many friends who want to make themselves healthier through urinary examination, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the above. After understanding the items of urinary examination, they can use urinary tract examination to protect themselves and the health of their urinary system, so as to improve the quality of their life.