Treatment of thyroid tumor

Thyroid adenoma is also a common disease in modern times. In fact, you don’t have to worry about this disease. It is a very common benign tumor. However, because it may also become cancerous, we need to treat it as soon as possible. As long as the treatment is correct, it will not bring bad effects. So what are the treatments for thyroid adenoma? What is the best treatment?

The main treatments include surgery, endocrine therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Once thyroid cancer is diagnosed, surgery is the preferred treatment. Endocrine therapy is required after surgery, that is, taking thyroid hormone replacement for suppressive therapy, and following up thyroid function and thyroglobulin to prevent the recurrence of thyroid cancer. For metastatic thyroid cancer, radioactive iodine-131 ablation therapy can be used after surgery to eliminate residual thyroid tumor cells and prevent tumor metastasis or recurrence. Internal medicine drugs for the treatment of thyroid tumors are not yet widely used in China.

Currently, there is only one type of thyroid tumor with a clear genetic tendency, namely medullary thyroid carcinoma, which is a malignant tumor derived from C cells that secrete calcitonin and is highly malignant. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Patients may have only medullary thyroid cancer, or they may have parathyroid adenoma and adrenal pheochromocytoma at the same time, and may have clinical manifestations of hyperparathyroidism or hypertension. The latter is called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. The pathogenic gene is the RET proto-oncogene. Genetic diagnosis is now feasible, and risk stratification can be performed based on genotype to determine different treatment strategies.

Because thyroid tumors may cause hyperthyroidism (incidence is about 20%) and malignant transformation (incidence is about 10%), the thyroid gland should be mostly or partially removed (for small adenomas) at an early stage, including the affected side of the adenoma. The resected specimen must be immediately examined by frozen section to determine whether it has malignant transformation.