Treatment of infusion reactions

Many people will experience some adverse reactions when receiving infusion, which is also called infusion reaction. Symptoms such as fever, nausea, vomiting, and general discomfort will appear. These are all caused by some drugs. Everyone should deal with them in time to avoid adverse consequences. We must learn more about the treatment of infusion reactions. Medical disputes caused by infusion reactions are also very common.

Some people experience discomfort during infusion, such as fever, chills, vomiting, nausea, etc. Such phenomena require timely treatment by doctors, especially the treatment of infusion reactions, in order to avoid adverse consequences caused by untimely treatment.

Fever reaction

1. Causes: Fever is a common infusion reaction, which is often caused by the infusion of pyrogenic substances (pyrogens, dead bacteria, free bacterial proteins or impure drug ingredients), incomplete cleaning and disinfection of infusion bottles or re-contamination; deterioration of the infusion liquid due to poor disinfection and storage; sulfide adhesion to the surface of the infusion tube, etc.

2. The main symptoms are chills, chills, and fever (the fever in mild cases is usually around 38°C, and in severe cases it can reach 40-41°C), accompanied by nausea, vomiting, headache, rapid pulse, and general discomfort.

3. Prevention and treatment methods

(1) For patients with mild reactions, the infusion rate can be slowed down and the patient should be kept warm (using additional blankets or hot water bottles as appropriate). For severe cases, the infusion should be stopped immediately; for those with high fever, physical cooling should be given, and if necessary, anti-allergic drugs or hormone treatment should be given as prescribed by the doctor, and acupuncture should be performed on the Hegu and Neiguan points.

(2) The infusion set must be properly treated to remove pyrogens.

Heart failure, pulmonary edema

1. Cause: Due to the drip rate being too fast, too much fluid is infused in a short period of time, causing a sharp increase in circulating blood volume and excessive burden on the heart.

2. Symptoms: The patient suddenly feels chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughs up foamy bloody sputum; in severe cases, thin sputum may flow out of the mouth and nose, moist rales appear in the lungs, and the heart rate is fast.

3. Prevention and treatment methods

(1) The infusion drip rate should not be too fast and the amount of infusion should not be too much. Special attention should be paid to heart patients, the elderly and children.

(2) When symptoms of pulmonary edema appear, the infusion should be stopped immediately, the doctor should be notified, and the patient should be asked to sit up with legs hanging down to reduce venous return and reduce the burden on the heart.

(3) Give vasodilators, antiasthmatics and cardiotonic drugs as prescribed by the doctor.

(4) Inhale high-flow oxygen and replace the water in the humidification bottle with 20%-30% alcohol before inhalation to reduce the surface tension of the foam in the alveoli, causing the foam to rupture and dissipate, thereby improving lung gas exchange and alleviating symptoms of hypoxia.

(5) When necessary, apply tourniquets to the limbs in rotation (relax the limbs in turn every 5-10 minutes to effectively reduce the amount of blood returning to the heart). After the symptoms are relieved, the tourniquet should be gradually removed.

Phlebitis

1. Causes: Long-term infusion of high-concentration and highly irritating drugs, or prolonged placement of highly irritating plastic tubes in the veins, which can cause chemical inflammatory reactions in the local venous wall; local venous infection can also be caused by lax aseptic operation during the infusion process.

2. Symptoms include the appearance of cord-like red lines along the veins, local tissue redness, swelling, burning, and pain, sometimes accompanied by systemic symptoms such as chills and fever.

3. The principle of prevention and treatment is to avoid infection and reduce stimulation to blood vessel walls.

(1) Strictly follow aseptic techniques. Drugs that are irritating to blood vessels, such as erythromycin and hydrocortisone, should be fully diluted before use, and prevent the drugs from overflowing from the blood vessels. At the same time, the injection site should be changed frequently to protect the vein.

(2) Elevate the affected limb and apply immobilization, and apply hot and wet compress with 95% alcohol or 50% magnesium sulfate.

(3) Apply Chinese medicine Waifu Ling or Ruyi Jinhuang Powder externally, twice a day, each time for 30 minutes.

Prevention and treatment of key causes

Try to reduce the number of drugs used during infusion. Using multiple drugs together can easily cause particles and pyrogens to accumulate and lead to infusion reactions. Since Chinese herbal injections are easy to bring in particles and react with other drugs, try not to use them in combination with other drugs.

Strictly implement the operating procedures and conscientiously implement the checking system to carefully check whether the liquid is turbid, whether the bottle mouth is loose, and whether there are cracks on the bottle body. Disinfection and operation should be carried out in accordance with regulations, and infusion equipment with guaranteed quality should be selected. Ultraviolet rays are used for regular disinfection to keep the air clean and prevent pollution.

Choose the appropriate diluent and infusion speed. The liquid medicine should be prepared before use. Choose the diluent indicated on the drug instructions and check the incompatibility contraindications. The infusion rate should be adjusted according to the child's age, condition, physical condition and the properties of the medication.

Treatment of infusion reaction: Once an infusion reaction occurs, stop the infusion immediately, replace the infusion set and fluid (keep for future reference), and be prepared for emergency treatment. However, the needle cannot be removed because reinsertion of the vein may be difficult, leading to a delay in emergency treatment.

When dealing with infusion reactions, we must be able to find out what causes these reactions, whether it is due to the drugs or personal factors. If such a phenomenon occurs in the hospital, it must be handled scientifically. Sometimes, untimely or inappropriate handling may threaten the patient's life safety and cause unnecessary disputes.