Treatment of gallbladder polyps

There are many common types of diseases in life, and we also need good methods to treat them. So what is the treatment for gallbladder polyps? When treating this type of disease, we need to have a good understanding of this type of disease, so that we will know what method to choose when treating it. This type of disease is very harmful to human health and needs to be treated in time after discovery.

So how should gallbladder polyps be treated specifically? Many people are not very clear about this. The following is a detailed introduction so that you can choose a good treatment method when treating this type of disease.

Treatment of gallbladder polyps:

1. Risk factors for malignant transformation of gallbladder polyps and surgical indications

(1) The size of gallbladder polyps Most scholars now believe that the size of gallbladder polyps is related to whether they are benign or malignant. Small gallbladder polyps (<10 mm in diameter) have been found to be mostly benign lesions and can remain unchanged for many years. Large gallbladder polyps suggest malignancy.

(2) Age: The average age of gallbladder adenoma and gallbladder cancer as well as the diameter of gallbladder polyps in patients with gallbladder polyps are significantly larger than those in patients with non-tumor polyps.

(3) The number and morphology of polyps. Single and broad-based polyps are more likely to become cancerous. The malignant changes of gallbladder polyps tend to occur in older, solitary, and large gallbladder polyps.

(4) Combined with gallstones The relationship between gallbladder cancer and gallstones is relatively clear. Some patients with gallbladder cancer may also have gallstones. The long-term stimulation of gallstones can promote the proliferation of gallbladder epithelial cells and cause cancer. Therefore, the presence of stones increases the risk of gallbladder cancer.

(5) Malignant gallbladder polyps are more likely to be accompanied by clinical symptoms.

Based on the above risk factors for malignant transformation of gallbladder polyps, for young patients with gallbladder polyps, if the diameter of the polyps is small (10mm is the limit) and there are no symptoms at all, then there is no need for surgery; for young patients with gallbladder polyps, if the diameter of the polyps is small and there are only symptoms of indigestion (abdominal distension, belching, etc.), conservative treatment can be used. Patients with obvious biliary colic, especially those with gallstones, should undergo cholecystectomy; patients with polyps with a diameter >10mm and risk factors for malignant transformation of gallbladder polyps should undergo cholecystectomy as soon as possible. For patients with polyp diameter less than 10mm and who do not have risk factors for malignant transformation of gallbladder polyps, they can be observed and regularly examined by ultrasound.

2. Surgery

For patients with small (10 mm) diameter, multiple, pedunculated gallbladder polyps, it is suggested that the lesions are likely to be pseudotumor polyps, and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the first choice. For patients with polyp diameter >10mm and risk factors for malignant transformation of gallbladder polyps, it is suggested that they are tumorous polyps and routine open cholecystectomy should be performed. Frozen sections are routinely performed during surgery to clarify the pathological category. If it is a cancerous polyp, simple cholecystectomy can be performed when the tumor is limited to the mucosa; once the tumor invades the muscular layer, extended resection is required, including wedge resection of the gallbladder bed liver and lymph node dissection. Clinically, LC treatment of gallbladder polyps faces the problem of discovering occult gallbladder cancer (T1, T2). Among them, tumor staging is crucial for choosing appropriate treatment options for occult gallbladder cancer. Simple cholecystectomy is effective for the treatment of T1 gallbladder cancer, but there is still controversy about the treatment of T2 tumors, that is, whether local lymph node dissection and resection of adjacent tissues are needed again.

Through the above introduction, we have some understanding of the treatment methods of gallbladder polyps. When treating this type of disease, we can follow the above methods. However, it takes some time to treat this type of disease, so active cooperation is required during treatment, which is conducive to the stability of the disease.