Hypertriglyceridemia

When it comes to the disease of hypertriglyceridemia, I believe many people feel very unfamiliar with it. In fact, hypertriglyceridemia refers to the increased levels of triglycerides and other substances in the blood, which may even cause other chronic diseases, such as diabetes, kidney disease, thyroid disease, etc. So what is the treatment for hypertriglyceridemia? What causes this disease?

In fact, there are many causes of hypertriglyceridemia, which are closely related to unhealthy lifestyle, diet and other factors. Below we will give you a detailed introduction to the treatment methods and causes of hypertriglyceridemia.

Hypertriglyceridemia

Brief Description

Hypertriglyceridemia is a disorder of the synthesis or degradation of heterotriglyceride proteins. The triglyceride in the blood is highest in chylomicrons and pre-β-lipoprotein, which is closely related to the formation of atherosclerosis. The increase of triglycerides is of great significance to the occurrence of coronary heart disease. The value of increased serum triglycerides is greater than that of cholesterol, which is particularly obvious in myocardial infarction. 82% of people with myocardial infarction have hypertriglyceridemia, while only 47% have high cholesterol. Primary hyperlipidemia, obesity, arteriosclerosis, obstructive jaundice, diabetes, extreme anemia, nephrotic syndrome, pancreatitis, hypothyroidism, long-term hunger and high-fat diet can all increase blood sugar levels. Drinking alcohol can cause a false increase in triglycerides.

Causes

(I) Diabetes: According to the simplest classification method, it can be divided into insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). (ii) Kidney disease: Although the most common dyslipidemia associated with kidney diseases such as nephrotic syndrome is hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia is also not uncommon. (III) Hypothyroidism: This disease is often accompanied by elevated plasma triglyceride concentrations. This is mainly due to the delayed clearance of VLDL caused by the reduction of hepatic triglyceride esterase, and may be accompanied by excessive production of intermediate-density lipoprotein. (IV) Obesity: In obese patients, the production of VLDL increases significantly due to excessive synthesis of apolipoprotein B by the liver. (V) Lipodystrophy (lipid metabolism disorder): It is a rare metabolic disease characterized by fat loss in a specific area of ​​the body accompanied by hypertriglyceridemia. Its pathogenesis is still unclear. (VI) Hyperuricemia: About 80% of gout patients have hypertriglyceridemia, and conversely, 80% of hypertriglyceridemia patients also have hyperuricemia. (VII) Glycogen storage disease: This disease is characterized by glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, and patients are very sensitive to hypoglycemia. (VIII) Heterotypic proteinemia: This condition can be seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or multiple myeloma. Since heterotypic proteins inhibit the clearance of CM and VLDL in plasma, it causes hypertriglyceridemia. (IX) Influence of sex hormones: Estrogen has a dual effect on blood lipids. In postmenopausal women, plasma cholesterol increases. (10) Nutritional factors: Many nutritional factors can cause an increase in plasma triglyceride levels. Excessive intake of monosaccharides can also cause elevated plasma triglyceride levels, which may be related to the associated insulin resistance. (XI) Influence of drugs: Many drugs can alleviate or aggravate hypertriglyceridemia. The two most common types of drugs are antihypertensive drugs and steroid hormones. Selective beta-blockers have a weaker effect on triglycerides than non-selective beta-blockers. (XII) Lifestyle: People who are accustomed to sitting still have higher plasma triglyceride concentration than those who insist on physical exercise. Both long-term and short-term physical exercise can reduce plasma triglyceride levels.

Clinical manifestations: Usually discovered during routine blood lipid tests. Severe HTG can cause pancreatitis, exanthematous xanthomas, and lipemic retinitis. In some cases, very high CM levels can cause chylosing, which can manifest as recurrent abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and pancreatitis.

Treatment of symptoms

(1) Fibrates: such as bezafibrate, fenofibrate and gemfibrozil. (2) Niacin: Niacin is a soluble B vitamin that is beneficial to all lipoproteins. (3) Unsaturated fatty acids: including EPA and DHA extracted from fish oil and linoleic acid extracted from vegetable oil. They inhibit lipid absorption and bile acid reabsorption in the small intestine.

In terms of diet, you should reduce your intake of fatty acids and cholesterol and limit alcohol consumption. For patients with hypertriglyceridemia, drinking a small amount of alcohol can also lead to a significant increase in serum triglyceride levels. Therefore, alcohol consumption must be limited. It should also be noted that a significant increase in the carbohydrate content of the diet will also increase serum triglyceride levels and lower HDL-cholesterol levels. When people are obese, the body's mobilization and utilization of free fatty acids decreases, and the level of free fatty acids in the blood increases, leading to increased levels of serum triglycerides. Losing weight can reduce serum triglyceride levels in obese patients. Diabetic patients often have hypertriglyceridemia. Active treatment of diabetes can help lower serum triglyceride levels. Exercise and physical activity can significantly reduce serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol levels. Therefore, like patients with hypercholesterolemia, patients with hypertriglyceridemia should also engage in long-term, regular physical exercise to maintain their lost weight. All patients with elevated serum triglyceride levels should undergo non-drug treatments such as changing diet, controlling weight, quitting smoking, and increasing physical activity.

Disease prevention: 1. Limit high-fat foods. 2. Limit sweets: Sugar can be converted into endogenous triglycerides in the liver. 3. Strengthening physical exercise can enhance the body's metabolism, increase the activity of lipoproteinase, and facilitate the transportation and decomposition of triglycerides. 4. Quit drinking: Alcohol stimulates the liver to synthesize endogenous triglycerides. 5. Avoid excessive tension: Emotional tension can also cause an increase in triglycerides. 6. You can take deep-sea fish oil and lecithin for a long time. 7. If you are overweight, you must lose weight.

After reading the above detailed introduction about the causes and treatments of hypertriglyceridemia, I believe everyone has a general understanding of this disease. In fact, hypertriglyceridemia is completely preventable and treatable. You should limit your intake of high-fat foods, eat less sweets, and insist on physical exercise. This will help alleviate the disease of hypertriglyceridemia.