What causes prostate cancer

The occurrence of prostate cancer is closely related to genetic, environmental, physiological, traumatic and pathological factors. Genetic factors, abnormal hormone levels, bad living habits, chronic inflammation, etc. may increase the risk of disease. Prevention and treatment of prostate cancer requires lifestyle adjustment, regular screening, drug treatment and surgical intervention.

1. Genetic factors

Prostate cancer has a certain family genetic tendency. If a direct relative in the family has prostate cancer, the individual's risk of the disease will increase significantly. Gene mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 may also lead to the occurrence of prostate cancer. It is recommended that people with a family history regularly undergo prostate-specific antigen PSA testing and rectal examination to detect lesions early.

2. Environmental factors

Long-term exposure to harmful chemicals such as cadmium and pesticides or living in a highly polluted environment may increase the risk of prostate cancer. Bad lifestyle habits such as high-fat diet and lack of exercise are also related to the occurrence of prostate cancer. It is recommended to reduce the intake of red meat and processed foods, increase the proportion of vegetables, fruits and whole grains, and maintain regular exercise, such as 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week.

3. Physiological factors

Age is an important risk factor for prostate cancer, and the prevalence rate in men over 50 years old increases significantly. Abnormal hormone levels, especially elevated testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, may promote abnormal proliferation of prostate cells. It is recommended that middle-aged and elderly men undergo regular health examinations, pay attention to changes in hormone levels, and receive hormone regulation treatment under the guidance of a doctor when necessary.

4. Trauma and chronic inflammation

Trauma or chronic inflammation in the prostate area may increase the risk of cell cancer. Patients with chronic prostatitis need active treatment to avoid repeated attacks of inflammation. Treatments include antibiotics such as levofloxacin, anti-inflammatory drugs such as celecoxib, and physical therapy such as heat therapy.

5. Pathological factors

The occurrence of prostate cancer may be related to precancerous lesions such as prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Early screening and intervention are key. Treatments include drug therapy such as abiraterone, enzalutamide, radiotherapy, and surgical treatment such as radical prostatectomy. For early localized prostate cancer, surgery and radiotherapy have a high cure rate.

The prevention and treatment of prostate cancer requires a combination of multiple means. By adjusting lifestyle, regular screening, early intervention and scientific treatment, the risk of disease can be effectively reduced and the cure rate can be increased. It is recommended that male friends pay attention to their own health, seek medical advice in a timely manner, and take active health management measures.