What causes throat cancer

The occurrence of laryngeal cancer is related to many factors, including heredity, environment, lifestyle, viral infection, etc. Prevention and treatment of laryngeal cancer requires quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption, improving eating habits, and regular physical examinations.

1. Genetic factors

Some patients with pharyngeal cancer have a family history of pharyngeal cancer, especially those with a history of pharyngeal cancer in their immediate family. The risk of developing the disease is higher. Genetic mutations may cause uncontrolled cell growth and increase the probability of cancer. It is recommended that people with a family history undergo regular throat examinations to detect abnormalities early.

2. Environmental factors

Long-term exposure to harmful environments is an important cause of laryngeal cancer. For example, long-term exposure to chemicals such as asbestos and formaldehyde, or living in areas with severe air pollution, may increase the risk of disease. People who are occupationally exposed to dust and smoke need to strengthen protection, wear masks or use air purification equipment.

3. Lifestyle

Smoking and alcohol abuse are the main risk factors for throat cancer. The carcinogens in tobacco directly irritate the throat mucosa, and alcohol may enhance the effects of carcinogens. Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption are key measures to prevent throat cancer. At the same time, avoid eating hot or spicy foods to reduce irritation to the throat.

4. Viral infection

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is closely related to throat cancer, especially HPV 16 and HPV 18. The risk of infection can be reduced by taking the HPV vaccine, paying attention to personal hygiene, and avoiding unsafe sex.

5. Pathological factors

Chronic pharyngitis, reflux esophagitis and other diseases that have not been effectively treated for a long time may develop into pharyngeal cancer. Timely treatment of related diseases to prevent the condition from worsening is an important part of preventing pharyngeal cancer.

Treatments include:

Drug treatment: Use targeted drugs such as cetuximab and chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin to inhibit the growth of cancer cells.

Surgical treatment: Early-stage laryngeal cancer can be treated by surgical removal of the tumor while preserving the laryngeal function; advanced-stage patients may require a total laryngectomy.

Radiation therapy: Uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. It is suitable for patients who cannot undergo surgery or as an adjuvant treatment after surgery.

The key to preventing throat cancer is to improve your lifestyle, stay away from carcinogenic factors, and have regular physical examinations. If you experience symptoms such as hoarseness and difficulty swallowing, you should seek medical attention in time. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly increase the cure rate.