What are the early symptoms of breast cancer

What are the early symptoms of breast cancer?

Breast lumps are the main symptoms of breast cancer, often manifested as painless lumps, usually single, hard, movable, and mostly located in the outer quadrant of the breast. Nipple abnormalities, including nipple retraction, elevation, erosion, ulceration, etc. Breast cancer is a more common gynecological disease.

Postoperative breast cancer pain

The operation is performed under general anesthesia, usually using inhalation anesthesia and sometimes epidural anesthesia. The purpose is to control postoperative pain. To prevent paresthesia in the upper arm, avoid damaging the brachial plexus and intercostal brachial nerves, maintain drainage, and be careful not to touch the nerves. If the intercostal nerves are retained, numbness will be felt in the upper arm. The minimum range will be controlled and spinal canal pain can be used. A large number of studies have been conducted on spinal canal injection of drugs at home and abroad. Its mechanism of action may be that the drug enters the cerebrospinal fluid and spinal cord into the cerebrospinal fluid and spinal cord opioid receptors, and the analgesic effect is produced by stimulating the opioid receptors.

Non-opioid drugs are more common in clinical practice, and tramadol is mostly used by us frequently, but it has certain side effects, and the side effects are nausea and vomiting. The pain after breast cancer surgery is mainly concentrated in the incision and buttocks.

Breast cancer staging criteria

In most cases, a combination of treatment strategies is needed. Generally speaking, breast cancer should be treated with surgery, endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and even combined targeted therapy according to tumor staging and molecular classification to improve patient survival.

The staging of breast cancer is of great significance in guiding treatment and judging prognosis. The staging standard of breast cancer is determined according to the size of the tumor, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. There are many staging methods for breast cancer. The International Cancer Society more commonly uses the TNM staging method, which is based on the primary cancer, regional lymph nodes, and distant metastasis.