Prostate tumor indicators

Prostate tumor index is not the disease grade or condition of prostate tumor as we think, but refers to prostate specific antigen, which refers to the antigen in the body that fights against tumor cancer cells. However, it does not start to derive after the tumor appears in the prostate. Even in healthy people, there are very small amounts of specific antigens, but if the antigen content is found to be excessive, you need to pay attention to whether there is a problem with the prostate.

The prostate tumor marker is generally called prostate specific antigen, and its normal range is between 0 and 4 nanograms per milliliter. If the prostate specific antigen exceeds ten nanograms per milliliter, it is recommended to go to the hospital for a prostate puncture biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. In addition, it is recommended to do a prostate color Doppler ultrasound, prostate CT, or prostate MRI to assist in the judgment. Prostate puncture biopsy has a positive rate of about 20-30%. If a prostate puncture biopsy is negative, you can do it again after a while.

Prostate tumors include tumors of prostate epithelial or mesenchymal origin, most of which are malignant tumors, including prostate cancer, prostate sarcoma, etc. Prostate cancer patients are mainly elderly men. There may be symptoms such as hematuria and dysuria, but since the large-scale detection of serum prostate-specific antigen (pSA) in the mid-1990s, more and more early prostate cancers have been discovered, often without any symptoms. Prostate sarcoma is more common in young people, the incidence rate is not high, and dysuria is the first symptom. This disease is extremely malignant, the disease progresses very quickly, and the prognosis is extremely poor.

Recent studies have made significant progress in understanding how normal prostate epithelial cells transform into metastatic, androgen-independent cancer cells at the molecular level. Cellular dynamics, germline mutations, DNA methylation, tumor suppressor gene inactivation and oncogene activation, androgen receptor mutations, growth factors, and epithelial-stromal interactions all play an important role in the development and progression of prostate cancer.

The diagnosis of prostate cancer includes staging and histological type, which is mainly based on prostate biopsy or pathological examination of prostate surgical specimens, and other imaging examinations. Imaging examinations can provide a basis for the staging of prostate cancer. At present, the diagnostic process of prostate cancer is as follows: patients are screened for serum pSA or undergo rectal examination. For patients with elevated pSA or suspicious rectal examination, systematic prostate puncture biopsy is performed under the guidance of B-ultrasound, combined with imaging examinations to clarify the clinical stage, so as to determine the treatment principles and methods.