How long does it take to get the highest cure rate for osteosarcoma?

When osteosarcoma patients go to the hospital for examination and treatment, they are not only worried about whether their condition can be cured, but they are more worried about when the cure rate of this disease will be the highest. In fact, osteosarcoma is a highly malignant disease, and its cure rate still needs to be improved. Let me explain to you how long it takes to get the highest cure rate of osteosarcoma.

reason

Osteosarcoma is one of the most common bone malignancies. It develops from the mesenchymal cell line. The rapid growth of the tumor is due to the formation of tumor osteoid tissue and bone tissue directly or indirectly through the cartilage stage. Under the influence of external factors (such as viruses), the weight-bearing bone cells of the lower limbs mutate, which may be related to the formation of osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma usually originates from the bone, while another completely different type of osteosarcoma, which is juxtaposed to the bone cortex, originates from the periosteum and adjacent connective tissue. The latter is rare and has a slightly better prognosis.

Clinical manifestations

The main symptoms of osteosarcoma are erosion of tumor tissue and dissolution of cortical bone, leading to pain at the tumor site.

pain

Pain of varying degrees at the tumor site is a very common and obvious symptom of osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma is caused by swollen tumor tissue, which destroys the bone cortex and irritates the periosteal nerve endings. The pain may develop intermittently from the early stage and last for several weeks, and its severity may worsen. Lower limb pain can lead to limping to avoid pain.

Lump

As the disease progresses, local swelling may occur, and the mass may be palpable in the painful area of ​​the limb, accompanied by obvious tenderness. If the mass grows rapidly, the mass can be found from the outside. The temperature of the skin on the surface of the mass increases, and the superficial veins are exposed. The hardness of the mass varies with the degree of ossification. The enlargement of the mass leads to limited joint movement and muscle atrophy.

Limping

As the disease progresses, limb pain resulting from lameness may worsen.

General

When the diagnosis is clear, the general condition is generally poor, with symptoms such as fever, malaise, weight loss, anemia and fatigue. In some cases, the tumor grows rapidly and metastasizes to the lungs at an early stage. Pathological fractures at the tumor site make the symptoms more obvious.

examine

In osteoblastic osteosarcoma, an increase in bone-derived alkaline phosphatase can be detected early, which is related to the osteogenesis of the tumor. Pathological diagnosis is the basis of treatment. When considering the diagnosis of osteosarcoma, early biopsy and pathological examination are of great significance for clear diagnosis and treatment.

Radiography

The x-ray manifestations of typical osteosarcoma show that the bone tissue is characterized by new bone formation and bone destruction. Most tumors are located in long tubular bone attachments with unclear margins, trabecular destruction, and increased tumor tissue density. After penetrating the bone cortex, the tumor elevates the periosteum, producing the Codman cuff triangle, which is a unique x-ray sign of the disease. This phenomenon can be seen in some patients with osteomyelitis and Ewing's sarcoma, but it is very typical in osteosarcoma. In the late stage, shadows of tumor infiltration of soft tissue can be seen, and pathological fractures can be seen in some cases.

Scans and MRIs

Determining the nature, extent, and infiltration of the soft tissue surrounding bone tumors is an effective method, and early detection of metastatic lesions in organs such as the lungs is a routine item in the clinical examination of osteosarcoma.

Radionuclide bone scan

It is a commonly used method for early detection and late identification of metastatic lesions.

Many patients' families believe that the earlier the osteosarcoma surgery is, the better. Even some non-cancer treatment centers in China have rashly performed amputation or limb-saving surgery on the affected limbs of bone tumors after receiving patients with malignant bone tumors, and then transferred the bone tumor patients to the tumor treatment center for chemotherapy after surgery. This is completely wrong. Therefore, the cure rate of osteosarcoma has little to do with the length of illness. Even if these patients receive regular chemotherapy after surgery, the result is tumor recurrence and metastasis without exception, which has caused irreparable disasters to patients and their families. Although another part of osteosarcoma has begun to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy before osteosarcoma surgery in the tumor treatment center, due to various reasons, the preoperative course of treatment is too short, which ultimately affects the efficacy of osteosarcoma patients. Because studies have shown that good histological response after preoperative chemotherapy is closely related to improving the prognosis of tumor patients! In the past 30 years, the survival rate of patients with malignant bone tumors has increased significantly, which is mainly due to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy, also known as induction chemotherapy, is chemotherapy performed after a clear diagnosis by biopsy and before extensive surgical resection of the tumor, which can greatly improve the cure rate of osteosarcoma.

(1) For patients with metastatic tumors, neoadjuvant chemotherapy can treat potential metastatic lesions in advance, thus avoiding delays in chemotherapy due to surgery and postoperative recovery time.

(2) Preoperative chemotherapy can shrink the primary tumor, reduce local edema, make the boundary between the tumor and the surrounding normal soft tissue clearer, and make limb-salvage treatment safer and more feasible.

(3) The necrosis rate in tumor specimens can determine the patient's prognosis and provide a basis for adjusting chemotherapy drugs after tumor resection.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has become the standard treatment for musculoskeletal tumors such as osteosarcoma. The increase in limb-salvage surgery for osteosarcoma indicates that neoadjuvant chemotherapy can improve the effect of surgical treatment of osteosarcoma and increase the survival rate of patients, which has been confirmed by a large number of studies. It can be seen that appropriate treatment methods are an important factor in improving the cure rate of osteosarcoma.

Because the duration of osteosarcoma is not an important factor in improving the cure rate of osteosarcoma, the current treatment of osteosarcoma adopts a standardized comprehensive treatment model, which greatly improves the treatment effect and the survival rate of patients. Before the 1970s, the treatment of osteosarcoma was mainly based on simple surgery, and patients could only undergo amputation or joint separation, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 25%. Now, a comprehensive treatment model of preoperative chemotherapy, surgery, and postoperative chemotherapy is adopted, and the 5-year survival rate of patients can reach more than 50%. Therefore, patients with osteosarcoma are reminded to adopt standardized comprehensive treatment to achieve better treatment effects.

In the past 30 years, the survival rate of patients with malignant bone tumors has been significantly improved due to the application of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Foreign reports have shown that the 5-year survival rate of osteosarcoma patients has reached 60% to 75%, and even the 5-year tumor-free survival rate has reached 80%. Therefore, it is believed that as long as it is discovered in time and treated regularly, osteosarcoma can be completely controlled or cured.