What are the sequelae of thyroid cancer? Causes of thyroid cancer

Many people do not care about the post-treatment care of thyroid cancer, thinking that as long as they are treated, sequelae will not occur so easily. In fact, the sequelae of thyroid cancer are also very scary and very easy to occur. So today we will introduce to you what are the sequelae of thyroid cancer?

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Iodine and thyroid cancer

Iodine is an essential trace element for the human body. Iodine deficiency leads to decreased thyroid hormone synthesis, increased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and stimulates thyroid follicle proliferation and hypertrophy, leading to thyroid enlargement, thyroid hormone secretion, and increased incidence of thyroid cancer. Currently, opinions vary. A high-iodine diet may increase the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer.

Radiation and thyroid cancer

X-ray irradiation of the thyroid gland of experimental mice can induce thyroid cancer in animals, with nuclear deformation, greatly reducing the synthesis of thyroxine, and leading to cancer. On the other hand, the thyroid gland can be destroyed without producing endocrine hormones, and the resulting large amount of TSH secretion will also promote thyroid cell cancer.

Chronic TSH and Thyroid Cancer

Increased serum TSH levels, induction of nodular goiter, mutagens and TSH stimulation can induce thyroid follicular cell carcinoma, and clinical studies have shown that TSH suppression therapy plays an important role in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer during surgery, but if TSH stimulation is the cause of thyroid cancer remains to be proven.

The role of sex hormones in thyroid cancer

Because there are more females than males in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, some studies on the relationship between sex hormones and thyroid cancer have examined sex hormone receptors in thyroid cancer tissues and found that sex hormone receptors exist in thyroid tissues: estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), and thyroid cancer tissues, but the effects of sex hormones on thyroid cancer have not yet been determined.

Goiter formation and thyroid cancer

The raw materials that interfere with the normal synthesis of thyroid hormones and the production of substances by the thyroid gland and become goiter include cassava, radish, cabbage, thiouracil, sodium thiocyanate, amino acids, phenylbutazone, potassium chlorate, cobalt, lithium salts and other foods and drugs, as well as hydrocarbons, calcium sulfur and excessive fluoride in drinking water.

Other thyroid diseases and thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancer is less common among patients with benign thyroid diseases such as nodular goiter, hyperthyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. Thyroid adenomas may also become cancerous.

Family factors and thyroid cancer

About 5% to 10% of patients with medullary thyroid cancer have a clear family history, showing autosomal dominant inheritance. Clinically, more than two members of a family have papillary thyroid cancer.

When it comes to the sequelae of thyroid cancer patients, it has to be said that many patients lack knowledge in this regard, which leads to very serious consequences. So today we will analyze these sequelae for you to see:

1. Nerve paralysis. If the recurrent laryngeal nerve is injured, it will cause choking when eating and hoarseness. If the external branches of the superior laryngeal nerve are injured, the voice will be muffled for a short time. The most worrying thing is that the bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerves are injured, which will cause difficulty in breathing and require intubation or tracheotomy when necessary.

2. Insufficient blood calcium or thyroid hormone: This usually occurs in patients undergoing surgery for bilateral thyroid cancer.

3. Thyroid storm: It is a sudden and significant decrease in thyroid hormone. It is highly dangerous and usually occurs in patients with hyperthyroidism who undergo bilateral thyroid tumor surgery, but the probability is not high. The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck and above the clavicle. If there is an anterior neck tumor, combined with unexplained pain, hoarseness, or difficulty swallowing, fine needle aspiration or thyroidectomy should be considered to rule out the possibility of thyroid malignancy.

The above are the possible sequelae of thyroid cancer. I hope it will be helpful to everyone. I also hope that all thyroid cancer patients have a correct understanding of this issue. I wish all thyroid cancer patients a speedy recovery.