Pay attention to various examinations for thyroid cancer

There are many diseases around us every day that take advantage of our weaknesses and harm our health, just like thyroid cancer. The incidence of this disease is getting higher and higher, so we must understand the knowledge in this area, so we must pay attention to various examinations for thyroid cancer. The following is a detailed introduction.

1. X-ray film

(1) The neck is straight. A giant thyroid gland can show the outline of soft tissue and calcification shadows, which are patchy and have a relatively uniform density. X-ray films of malignant tumors often appear cloudy or granular, with irregular boundaries. The relationship between the trachea and the thyroid gland can be understood through the frontal and lateral views of the neck. Benign thyroid tumors or nodular goiters can cause tracheal displacement, but generally do not cause stenosis. Advanced thyroid cancer infiltration of the trachea can cause tracheal stenosis, but the degree of displacement is relatively mild.

(2) Chest and bone X-rays: Routine chest X-rays can be used to determine whether there is lung metastasis, and bone X-rays can be used to determine whether there is bone metastasis. Bone metastasis occurs in the skull and is mainly osteolytic destruction without periosteal reaction, which may invade adjacent soft tissues.

2. CT scan

On CT images, thyroid cancer appears as a blurred boundary within the thyroid gland, with calcification points sometimes visible. Adjacent organs such as the trachea and the trachea can also be observed. It often protrudes beyond the thyroid area, with unclear density and boundary with surrounding tissues. Metastatic lesions may also be found, with no enhancement in cystic changes and necrotic areas. Advanced cancer metastases to the lungs, skull, and bones can also be displayed, and the patient's prognosis can be evaluated.

3. B-ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasound examination

Ultrasound examination has a high resolution for soft tissue, and its positive rate is better than that of X-ray examinations. It can distinguish cystic and solid tumors with an accuracy rate of 80 to 90 percent. The capsule of thyroid cancer nodules is incomplete or absent, and may show crab-like changes and sand-like calcifications. It is more common in papillary carcinoma, and cyst images are less common. There is an arterial blood flow spectrum in the tumor, and enlarged lymph nodes can be found. The longitudinal diameter of the lymph nodes is 2: the transverse diameter. The blood flow signal distribution is disordered, which is manifested as interruption of the echo of the thyroid capsule or internal jugular vein. If it metastasizes to the internal jugular vein, it will appear low. Color Doppler ultrasound can show dot-like or strip-like blood flow signals.

4. Radionuclide examination

The thyroid gland has the function of absorbing and concentrating iodine. After radioactive iodine enters the human body, most of it is distributed in the thyroid gland, which can display the morphology of the thyroid gland and measure the iodine uptake rate of the thyroid gland. However, some thyroid cancers have poor 131I uptake function, so other methods should be used, such as SPECT, to diagnose thyroid tumors to improve the diagnostic effect.

Through the above introduction to thyroid cancer, we have learned the reasons for the examination of thyroid cancer. We should pay attention to these factors and stay away from the causes of thyroid cancer.