How to use preventive medication for osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma ranks first or second in the incidence of primary malignant bone tumors, and is highly malignant, which poses a great threat to the patient's quality of life and even life, so it should be taken seriously. The earliest symptom of this disease is persistent pain, and the lesion may have lasted for a while. Many patients always interpret the pain around the joints as a joint sprain, and only seek medical attention when persistent severe pain occurs or a lump is touched. How to prevent osteosarcoma?

Individual prevention

(1) Primary prevention:

There may be no symptoms at the beginning of the disease, and the earliest symptom is often pain. Once pain occurs, especially without an obvious history of trauma, such adolescents should see a doctor as soon as possible. The occurrence of this disease may be related to some external stimuli, such as X-rays. Therefore, you should avoid contact with these risk factors. If you have to contact them due to certain factors, you should pay attention to protection and have regular check-ups in the future until you are over 20 years old. Some benign lesions can also turn into osteosarcomas, such as osteochondroma, giant cell tumor, and fibrous dysplasia of bone. For patients with these diseases, you should be more vigilant and follow the doctor's advice for regular check-ups. Be alert to possible signs of malignant changes, such as pain in a condition that was originally painless, and sudden rapid growth in a condition that was originally slow-growing. If these signs appear, you should see a doctor immediately for a detailed examination, and a biopsy can be performed if necessary.

(2) Secondary prevention:

The prognosis of osteosarcoma patients is closely related to the early or late discovery of the disease. Therefore, when teenagers have unexplained pain symptoms around the knee joint, parents must not take it lightly and think that it is caused by the child's mischievous trauma. The emergence of monoclonal antibodies has made it possible to detect many tumors early, but the preparation of osteosarcoma monoclonal antibody kits needs further research. At present, the staging of osteosarcoma also mostly follows the surgical staging system proposed by Enneking in 1980, namely the GTM surgical grading system. Among them, benign is G0, low-grade malignancy is G1, and high-grade malignancy is G2; tumors located in the capsule are T0, located in the compartment is T1, and located outside the compartment is T2; no local or distant metastasis is M0, and if there is, it is M1. For low-grade malignant osteosarcoma and cortical sarcoma, local resection or tumor segment resection combined with chemotherapy can be used. If it is highly malignant, preoperative chemotherapy plus amputation plus postoperative chemotherapy should be used. Therefore, the early or late discovery of osteosarcoma and its nature are of great significance for the selection of surgical measures and prognosis. In the past, the traditional method of treating osteosarcoma was amputation plus radiotherapy, and the 5-year survival rate of this therapy was about 20%. The rise of chemotherapy has greatly improved the 5-year survival rate. Now, the chemotherapy regimen mainly based on high-dose methotrexate is mostly used. Various different regimens formed on this basis are similar. They are all based on the proliferation dynamics of tumor cells and select chemotherapy drugs for different cycles, but they have one thing in common, that is, high-dose methotrexate. In 1967, Djerassi first used high-dose methotrexate combined with calcium formylfolate detoxification to treat osteosarcoma. In 1968, Jaffe used this method to treat metastatic osteosarcoma and achieved success. It was called a revolution in the history of methotrexate dosage for the treatment of malignant tumors, which greatly improved the 5-year survival rate of osteosarcoma patients. Therefore, we emphasize that the completion of surgery is not the end of treatment. Patients should follow the doctor's advice and insist on regular chemotherapy to have a good prognosis until they are cured.

(3) Tertiary prevention:

Because osteosarcoma is highly malignant, amputation is often used as the current surgical method. During surgery, attention should be paid to tumor-free operation, and implantation or distant metastasis caused by surgery should be avoided as much as possible. For isolated lesions with local recurrence or distant metastasis, it is currently advocated that preoperative chemotherapy plus surgical resection plus postoperative chemotherapy should still be used, which may still have a good prognosis. If it is extensive metastasis to distant sites, chemotherapy, supportive treatment, radiotherapy of key sites, etc. can be used to support and minimize the patient's pain. The prognosis of such patients is extremely poor.

Due to the improvement of prosthetic technology, the requirements for the stump after amputation are not as strict as before. Therefore, we mainly preserve the length of the affected limb as much as possible while ensuring the complete removal of the tumor tissue and not violating the principles of tumor surgery.

The above is how to prevent osteosarcoma. The focus of population prevention should be the popularization of relevant knowledge, so that people can increase their awareness and understanding of osteosarcoma and raise their vigilance. The improvement of sanitary conditions and the quality of medical care is the guarantee for early detection, and the popularization of population knowledge is the basis for early detection. Therefore, it should be emphasized that when adolescents find pain around the knee joint without obvious trauma, they should go to a hospital with a certain level for early examination, so as to facilitate early detection and early treatment, improve survival rate, and benefit both the people and themselves.