What are the specific manifestations of the harm of teratoma

Teratoma is a common type of ovarian germ cell tumor. It originates from germ cells and is divided into mature teratoma (i.e. benign teratoma) and immature teratoma (malignant teratoma). Benign teratoma contains many components, including skin, hair, teeth, bones, oil, nerve tissue, etc. Malignant teratoma is poorly differentiated and has no or little formed tissue. Early teratoma has no obvious clinical symptoms and is mostly discovered accidentally during physical examination. Because intracranial teratoma is usually located in the midline, there are often no obvious signs of brain localization.

Most patients present with increased intracranial pressure as the first symptom, manifested as headache, nausea, vomiting, and bilateral papilledema can be seen in ophthalmological examination. Teratomas located in the pineal region may cause binocular inability to look up, ataxia, precocious puberty, cranial nerve palsy, etc. Those in the sellar region may experience diabetes insipidus, drowsiness, visual field disorders, and water and fat metabolism disorders. Those in the posterior cranial fossa may experience cerebellar function damage and neck stiffness. Those in the cerebellopontine angle may experience headache, vomiting, diplopia, ataxia, deafness, tremor, cranial nerve damage, etc.

The main manifestations are abdominal masses, mostly located in the left upper abdomen, abdominal distension, vomiting, hematemesis and (or) black stools, dyspnea, anemia, upper abdominal masses and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The incidence of metastasis is high. The metastasis spreads along the peritoneum. Common metastatic sites include pelvic and abdominal peritoneum, greater omentum, liver surface, diaphragm, intestines and mesentery, etc. Most metastatic lesions are surface implants. Lymph node metastasis is not uncommon. Sacrococcygeal teratomas vary in size. Most patients have difficulty urinating and defecating. Sometimes, buttocks swelling can be seen, and there may be masses in the sacrococcygeal region.

Since the tumor often grows to one side toward the buttocks, the buttocks often appear asymmetrical. Sometimes the tumor bulges out from the perineum. Those whose rectum is compressed or pulled may have constipation or fecal incontinence. Those with huge tumors may affect their mother's delivery, and presacral tumors may be felt during rectal examination. Malignant teratomas grow rapidly, with progressive constipation and dysuria. Intracranial teratomas mainly occur in midline areas such as the suprasellar region and pineal region, and their imaging characteristics have their own distinctive characteristics.