Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in my country. In recent years, there have been great advances in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Various diagnostic methods are constantly being improved, and new diagnostic methods and technologies are constantly emerging. Let's take a look at the relevant introductions.

Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer Fecal occult blood test is a commonly used screening method for colon cancer. It is simple to operate and non-invasive, but its main disadvantages are low sensitivity and poor specificity. DNA from exfoliated cells of colorectal cancer can stably exist in feces. PCR technology can be used to detect trace amounts of DNA in feces with high sensitivity and specificity, opening up a new path for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
Tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA19-9 and CA242 can also be used for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, but their positive rates are low and they lack specificity. Mutations in genes such as K-ras, p53, adenomatous polyposis coli susceptibility gene (APC), c-myc, mismatch repair gene (MMR), microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) have also been shown to occur frequently in colorectal cancer patients and are related to the prognosis of patients, but whether they can be used for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer remains to be further studied and confirmed.