How to better classify bone cancer

How is bone cancer classified? Cancer is familiar to everyone. No matter what kind of cancer a patient has, the first thing they will suffer is a heavy blow mentally after learning about their condition. Bone cancer is a type of tumor that is not commonly found, but there are still many patients. The so-called bone cancer. It is a tumor that occurs on the human bones. There are also many classifications in medicine. Please see the detailed introduction.

1. Osteoma

It is a relatively common benign tumor. Histologically, it is a product of fibrotic bone, so the main component is the formation of abundant new bone tissue in the osteogenic connective tissue. It is common in the skull and mandible, and generally does not cause any symptoms, only local protrusion. If it occurs in the inner plate of the skull, the tumor will protrude into the cranial cavity and cause symptoms of intracranial compression.

2. Osteoid osteoma

There have been many debates about its nature, and it is currently confirmed to be a type of benign bone tumor. The tumor is round or oval, small in size, generally about 1 cm in diameter; the surrounding bone tissue has reactive hyperplasia and sclerosis, and the tumor is called the core. The tumor is reddish brown, occasionally interspersed with yellow or white gravel-like spots. Microscopic examination shows vascular-rich osteoblastic connective tissue and different proportions of osteoid tissue and new bone. X-ray shows a transparent area, and the surrounding bone tissue generally has reactive osteosclerosis, especially in cortical bone. This tumor is generally prone to occur in 11-25 years old, with a male:female ratio of 2:1. Any bone can occur, but it is more common in the femur and tibia. The course of the disease is slow. Pain is the main symptom, ranging from mild to severe, from intermittent to continuous, especially at night. It can be significantly relieved after taking sodium salicylate drugs. The treatment is mainly surgical resection. Radiotherapy can be considered for those who cannot undergo surgery on certain parts. There have been no reports of recurrence or malignant transformation after surgery.

3. Osteoblastoma (benign osteoblastoma)

In the past, it was named "osteofibroma" and "giant osteoid osteoma", but these names have been abandoned. This disease is rare. The main tissue components of the tumor are vascularized osteoid tissue, new bone and a large number of osteoblasts. As the tumor develops, the above tissues may cause various changes, so it is difficult to distinguish it from giant cell tumor of bone and osteosarcoma. In the past, this disease has been considered a benign tumor. In recent years, there have been reports of lung metastasis, but its histological examination still shows no obvious malignant changes at this time. In the face of the possibility that its biological behavior may change, it is considered to have the potential for malignant changes.

The age of onset is mostly between 10 and 25 years old, more females than males, and the most common site of occurrence is the spine, followed by the hands and feet, and occasionally other parts. The onset is slow. Most patients only feel mild pain. Those who occur in the spine may have varying degrees of spinal cord or nerve root compression symptoms. X-ray manifestations may show various transparent shadows or even density-increasing shadows due to the degree of calcification or ossification of the tumor. Generally, the tumor and the surrounding bone tissue are clearly demarcated, and there is often obvious bone sclerosis between the two. In the bone cortex, the cortex is often thinned and has a layer of periosteal new bone. The treatment is mainly surgical scraping and bone grafting. If the lesion cannot be completely cured by spinal surgery, radiotherapy can be added after decompression.

The above is a detailed analysis of bone cancer. The classification of bone cancer also allows everyone to better understand this disease. As we all know, tumors can be divided into benign and malignant. The early treatment of any tumor is very critical. Therefore, everyone must improve their understanding of bone cancer and strive to detect the disease and control it in the early stage of bone cancer symptoms.