Tests to confirm bladder cancer

In clinical practice, we cannot tell what the disease is just based on the symptoms. At this time, we need some special means to judge the disease, and examination is one of them. Experts say that the diagnosis of bladder cancer must be correct. So, what examinations are needed for bladder cancer?

( 1 ) CT examination: Check the abdomen and pelvis to understand the extent of the tumor, whether it has invaded the surrounding rectum, uterus, vagina, etc., and whether there is local lymph node metastasis.

( 2 ) Urine analysis: examination of urine color, sugar content, blood cells, bacteria and other indicators.

( 3 ) Intravenous pyelography: Contrast agent is injected into the vein. As the contrast agent flows through the kidneys, ureters, and bladder, these organs are X -rayed to see if there is any blockage or space-occupying phenomenon, and to determine whether the cancer cells have spread to these organs.

( 4 ) Cystoscopy: A cystoscope is inserted through the urethra into the bladder to examine the inside of the organ. If necessary, a biopsy can be performed.

( 5 ) Biopsy: Biopsy is often performed during bladder examination to examine the cancer cells under a microscope. In the early stages of cancer, the entire tumor can also be removed during the biopsy.

( 6 ) Urine cytology: Look for tumor cells in urine samples.

( 7 ) Ultrasound examination of the kidneys : Ultrasound examination is used to check whether the kidneys are affected by the tumor.

If necessary, chest X- ray, chest CT and bone scintigraphy can also be performed.