What are the causes of esophageal cancer

Today's fast-paced lifestyle has led to the occurrence of many rare diseases in the past. Cancer is no longer uncommon to everyone. Esophageal cancer is one of them. The incidence of esophageal cancer has gradually increased in recent years. What are the causes of esophageal cancer? Let's listen to the introduction of our expert friends:

The exact cause of esophageal cancer is still unclear. The occurrence of esophageal cancer is related to the living conditions, eating habits, the presence of strong carcinogens, the lack of some anti-cancer factors and genetic susceptibility in the area.
1. Nitrosamines and mycotoxins
1. Nitrosamines are recognized chemical carcinogens. Their precursors include nitrates, nitrites, secondary or tertiary amines, etc. Their content in food and drinking water in high-incidence areas is significantly increased, and is positively correlated with the local incidence of esophageal cancer and severe esophageal epithelial hyperplasia.
2. The carcinogenic effect of mycotoxins Various moldy foods can produce carcinogens.
(II) Dietary influence and chronic esophageal influence It is generally believed that eating rough food, eating too hot food, chewing betel nut or tobacco and other habits will cause chronic physical and chemical influence on the esophageal mucosa, which can lead to localized or diffuse epithelial hyperplasia and form the precancerous lesions of esophageal cancer. The incidence of esophageal cancer is increased in patients with chronic esophageal diseases such as corrosive esophageal burns and stenosis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, achalasia or esophageal diverticulum, which may be caused by chronic influence caused by the retention of esophageal contents.
(III) Nutritional factors A diet lacking animal protein, fresh vegetables and fruits, and insufficient intake of vitamins A, B2 and C are risk factors for esophageal cancer. Epidemiological studies have shown that low levels of molybdenum, boron, zinc, magnesium and iron in food, drinking water and soil may be directly related to the occurrence of esophageal cancer.
(IV) Genetic factors: The onset of vegetative cancer often manifests itself in familial clustering. In high-incidence areas in China, 25% to 50% of patients have a positive familial history of the disease, with the highest rate in the paternal line, followed by the maternal line, and the lowest in the collateral line.