Contraindications to blood transfusion

Blood transfusion is actually quite common in all major surgeries. If the patient does not have much blood in his body or the blood loss is severe, blood transfusion is needed to maintain the normal functioning of the body. There are many contraindications to blood transfusion. For example, patients with renal insufficiency, acute pulmonary edema, etc. cannot receive blood transfusion.

Contraindications to blood transfusion

Blood transfusion should be strictly controlled, and those who do not need blood transfusion should be avoided as much as possible. Blood transfusion is especially prohibited for patients with complications such as acute pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, congestive heart failure, malignant hypertension, and true redness. Patients with renal insufficiency should be cautious when receiving blood transfusion.

Blood transfusion precautions

1. Examination before blood transfusion

1. Blood type examination mainly determines the patient's ABO blood type. People who are receiving blood transfusion for the first time or people from ethnic groups with more Rho negative blood types should also have their Rho blood type determined.

2. Cross-matching: Use the serum and blood cells of the blood recipient and the blood donor for cross-agglutination test, and only those with negative results can be transfused.

(II) Blood transfusion precautions

1. Use the same type of blood for transfusion whenever possible. It is unreasonable to call O type blood universal blood in the past. Only O-type whole blood or washed red blood cells with low serum antibody titer can be transfused to non-O-type people as a last resort.

2. Two bags of blood from the same donor can be transfused continuously; but for two bags of the same type of blood from different donors, the tube should be flushed with a small amount of normal saline after the first bag is transfused, and then the second bag, that is, the blood from the other donor, should be transfused.

3. Because blood is generally stored at 4°C, its temperature during infusion is much lower than body temperature. If it is dripped in at a medium or slow rate, it does not need to be pre-warmed. However, if the condition requires rapid transfusion, it should be warmed in a 37°C water bath before use.

4. Emergency patients must be observed for at least 1 hour after blood transfusion before leaving. If the patient feels unwell or has soy sauce-colored urine after leaving, he or she should return to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment as soon as possible.

5. Except for normal saline, no other intravenous medications should be added to the blood for intravenous injection to avoid causing adverse reactions.

6. When the blood is too viscous and needs to be diluted, normal saline or plasma of the same type can be used. Any other liquids are prohibited.