Surgical treatment of prostate cancer

Surgical treatments for prostate cancer include the following:

1. Orchiectomy

95% of male androgens come from the testicles, and most prostate cancers rely on androgens for growth, so orchiectomy is an effective method for treating prostate cancer.

2. Radical prostatectomy

Radical prostatectomy is suitable for stage A and B prostate cancer. For stage C or D prostate cancer, castration or radiotherapy can be used to shrink the tumor before radical prostatectomy. Radical prostatectomy is mainly suitable for patients whose tumors are confined to the prostate and have no invasion of the seminal vesicles and lymph nodes. After radical prostatectomy, long-term survival can be achieved. In the past, transperineal prostatectomy was commonly used, but in recent years, retropubic radical prostatectomy has been widely used.

3. Pelvic lymph node dissection

Pelvic lymph node dissection should be performed routinely during radical prostatectomy to accurately stage and remove pelvic lesions, which is beneficial for postoperative radiotherapy and endocrine therapy.

4. Transurethral prostatectomy

For the elderly or patients who cannot tolerate radical surgery, transurethral prostatectomy is mainly used to relieve prostate cancer from bladder neck obstruction. When this surgery confirms residual cancer tissue or poor differentiation, radical surgery or external radiotherapy should be performed.