Classification of toxic side effects of bone cancer chemotherapy drugs

Cyclophosphamide, actinomycin D, bleomycin, vincristine, cisplatin, methotrexate, doxorubicin, etc. are chemotherapy drugs currently commonly used to treat malignant bone tumors. The toxic side effects caused by these drugs can be divided into four major categories according to the time of occurrence: acute, early, delayed and late toxic side effects.

1. Acute toxic and side effects: Acute toxic and side effects generally occur within 24 hours after administration, such as hemorrhagic cystitis caused by cyclophosphamide, re-radiation reaction caused by actinomycin D, fever and convulsions caused by bleomycin, etc.

2. Early toxic and side effects: Early toxic and side effects appear within a few days to a few weeks after administration, such as paralytic ileus caused by vincristine, hypomagnesemia and ototoxicity caused by cisplatin, pulmonary infiltration caused by methotrexate and bleomycin, and conjunctivitis caused by methotrexate.

3. Delayed toxicity and side effects: Delayed toxicity and side effects mainly occur several weeks or even months after administration, such as peripheral neuropathy caused by vincristine, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) caused by cyclophosphamide and vincristine, myocardial necrosis caused by cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin, and Raynaud's phenomenon caused by bleomycin.

4. Late toxicity and side effects: Late toxicity and side effects occur several months or even years after administration, such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and encephalopathy caused by methotrexate, and bladder cancer caused by cyclophosphamide.