How to control pain when bone metastasis occurs

Bone metastasis refers to the process in which tumor cells reach the bone marrow through the blood flow and interact with osteoblasts, osteoclasts and bone matrix cells, causing the tumor cells to continue to proliferate and form metastatic lesions. Most bone metastases are accompanied by varying degrees of pain.

The pain control of patients with bone metastasis can follow the WHO three-step analgesia principle, and different levels of drugs can be given according to the severity of the patient's pain. The specific contents are as follows:

Mild pain: Patients with mild pain feel pain but can tolerate it and live a normal life. Generally, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics ± auxiliary drugs are used for analgesia.

Mild to moderate pain: Patients with mild to moderate pain experience obvious pain that is unbearable and affects their sleep. They generally use opioid analgesics ± nonsteroidal ± auxiliary drugs for analgesia.

Moderate to severe pain: Patients with moderate to severe pain experience severe pain and cannot fall asleep. They may be in a passive position or have autonomic dysfunction. They are generally treated with opioid analgesics ± nonsteroidal ± auxiliary drugs.

When using analgesics, generally when the pain is not controlled in the previous step, you should move to the next analgesic selection step.

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