Brief analysis of radical surgery for treating rectal cancer

With the continuous advancement of medical technology, there are many methods for treating rectal cancer, and radical surgery is one of them. Here we will tell you about the common radical surgery methods for treating rectal cancer .

In general, common radical surgical treatments for rectal cancer include:

1. Abdominoperineal resection: Indications: cancer of the lower rectum, where the distance between the lower edge of the cancer and the edge of the anus is less than 7 cm. This surgical excision for rectal cancer includes the entire rectum and its adipose lymphatic tissue in the proper fascia, most of the sigmoid colon and its mesentery and lymphatic tissue, lymphatic tissue at the root of the inferior mesenteric blood vessels before the abdominal aorta, pelvic floor peritoneum, rectal lateral ligaments and levator ani muscles, anal canal, skin around the anus, anal sphincter and adipose lymphatic tissue of the ischiorectal fossa. The blood vessels are ligated and cut at the root of the inferior mesenteric artery or below the branch of the left colic artery, the corresponding para-arterial lymph nodes are cleared, a permanent colostomy and artificial anus are made in the abdomen, and the perineal wound is sutured in the first stage or packed with gauze. This method of treating rectal cancer is very effective.

2. Anterior resection of rectal cancer: It is mainly suitable for upper rectal tumors more than 12 cm away from the anal margin. The sigmoid colon and rectum are removed in the abdominal cavity. The advantages of this method of treating rectal cancer are less traumatic, retaining the anus and good function, and the effect is ideal. This method is not suitable for patients with rectal cancer with larger tumors and a wide range of spread and infiltration of surrounding tissues. It is also clinically called low abdominal resection and extraperitoneal primary anastomosis.

3. Anus-preserving surgery for rectal cancer: It is mainly suitable for patients with early rectal cancer whose tumor is 7-11 cm away from the anal verge. Anus-preserving surgery for rectal cancer has the advantages of simple operation and short operation time. It also avoids the mental and physical pain and many complications caused by permanent artificial anus, and improves the quality of life. Clinically, whether to choose anus-preserving surgery is mainly based on the pathological type of rectal cancer patients, the size of the tumor, and the degree of infiltration and spread. This method aims to completely cure rectal cancer and has a good prognosis.

4. Transanal endoscopic local excision (TEM): It is a new method of local excision of rectal cancer developed in recent years. The surgical indication is patients with T1N0M0. This operation is to perform a local extended excision of the local rectal tumor through an anoscope, using a method similar to surgical laparoscopy, to achieve the purpose of treating rectal cancer. Through this technology, the surgeon can complete the full-thickness resection of the rectal wall. Due to the high requirements for surgical techniques and equipment and the high price, this type of operation is rarely performed in my country.

The above is an introduction to radical surgery for rectal cancer. I hope it will be helpful to everyone. Patients should choose a method of treating rectal cancer that suits them according to their actual condition and should not choose blindly.

For more information, please visit the rectal cancer disease special topic at http://www..com.cn/zhongliu/zca/ or consult an expert for free. The expert will then give a detailed answer based on the patient's specific situation.