What are the diagnostic methods for liver cancer?

Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, and its mortality rate ranks third among digestive system malignant tumors, second only to gastric cancer and esophageal cancer. Liver cancer is difficult to detect in the early stages, and is often not discovered until the middle or late stages, which greatly loses the best treatment opportunity. So what are the diagnostic methods for liver cancer? Let's learn about it together!

1. Pathological diagnosis

1. Patients with primary liver cancer confirmed by liver histological examination.

2. Histological examination of extrahepatic tissue confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma.

2. Clinical diagnosis

1. If there is no other evidence of liver cancer, the AFP convection method is positive or the radioimmunoassay is >400μg/ml for more than four weeks, and pregnancy, active liver disease, gonadal embryonal tumors and metastatic liver cancer can be excluded.

2. Patients with clear intrahepatic solid space-occupying lesions in imaging examinations, who can exclude hepatic hemangioma and metastatic liver cancer, and who meet one of the following conditions: ① AFP>200mg/ml. ② Typical imaging manifestations of primary liver cancer. ② No jaundice but significantly increased AKP or r-GT. ④ Clear metastatic lesions in distant locations or bloody ascites, or cancer cells found in ascites. ⑤ Clear cirrhosis with positive hepatitis B markers

3. Qualitative diagnosis

The qualitative diagnosis of primary liver cancer requires a comprehensive analysis of the patient's symptoms, signs and various auxiliary examination data.

① Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) test: positive by countercurrent electrophoresis or >400 mg/ml by radioimmunoassay; continued for four weeks, and pregnancy, active liver disease, and gonadal embryonic tumors were excluded.

② Other markers: Alkaline phosphatase is elevated in about 20% of liver cancer patients. r-glutamyl alanine transpeptidase (r-GT) is elevated in 70% of liver cancer patients. 5-nucleotide dilipase isoenzyme V (5-NPDase-v), about 80% of patients have this enzyme, and the positive rate is higher in patients with metastatic liver cancer. α-antitrypsin (α-AT) is elevated in about 90% of liver cancer patients. Ferritin, 905 liver cancer patients have elevated levels. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is elevated in 70% of liver cancer patients. Abnormal prothrombin>300mgml.

③ Examination of liver function and hepatitis B antigen and antibody systems. Abnormal liver function and positive hepatitis B markers indicate the presence of liver disease as the basis for primary liver cancer.

④ Various imaging examinations suggest space-occupying lesions in the liver.

⑤Laparoscopy and liver puncture examination: Laparoscopy can directly display the surface condition of the liver; liver puncture biopsy.

(IV) Positioning diagnosis

1. Ultrasound examination can obtain cross-sectional images of the liver and adjacent organs and can detect tiny liver cancers smaller than 2-3 cm.

2. Radionuclide liver imaging can only show a positive result when the size of the lesion is greater than 2c2n.

3. CT and MRI: They are helpful for the diagnosis of liver cancer. When the diameter of liver cancer is less than 2 cm or the density is close to that of normal liver parenchyma, CT is difficult to show. Liver cancer is diffuse and difficult to detect by CT; it is difficult to distinguish between primary and secondary liver cancer. After contrast enhancement of the liver, lesions with a diameter of 1 to 2 cm can be shown. MRI can more clearly show the metastatic lesions of liver cancer and can perform layer scans in different directions.

4. Selective hepatic arteriography and digital subtraction angiography. Selective hepatic arteriography (DSA) is a sensitive examination method that can show liver cancer with a diameter of less than 1 cm.

5. AFP is very effective in the diagnosis of liver cancer. If the AFP test result of hepatitis patients is positive, the possibility of liver cancer is high.

The above is some of the information we have prepared for you today about liver cancer diagnosis. I hope you can understand it. Expert Tips: If you have symptoms of disease, do not delay diagnosis and go to a regular hospital for treatment in time to avoid delaying the disease and causing serious consequences. If you have other questions, please consult our online experts.

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