Can uterine cancer be cured?

Uterine cancer is a series of malignant tumors that occur in the uterus. The most common cancers in the uterus are endometrial cancer and cervical cancer. The lesions of these two cancers are different, so there are differences in treatment. To determine whether uterine cancer can be cured, we must first determine which type of uterine cancer the patient has.

Endometrial cancer is a malignant tumor originating from the endometrial glands, also known as uterine body cancer. It is one of the common gynecological malignancies, prone to menopause and menopause, and is more common in unmarried, underfertile, obese women with hypertension and diabetes. The onset of endometrial cancer is generally believed to be related to estrogen. The most common pathological type is adenocarcinoma. This disease generally develops slowly and is mainly manifested by irregular vaginal bleeding and increased discharge. Various pathways are direct spread or through lymph and blood. The treatment is mainly assisted by surgery for half a year, supplemented by radiotherapy, chemotherapy, progesterone anti-estrogen drugs, etc. If it can be discovered early, diagnosed early, and treated correctly early, the effect is better. Recurrence is mostly within 3 to 5 years, and there is a long-term recurrence, so long-term follow-up is required.

Globally, more than 200,000 women die of cervical cancer every year. In developing countries, cervical cancer is a common and frequent gynecological tumor, ranking first. There are 131,500 new cases discovered in my country each year, with the highest mortality rate in Shanxi and the lowest in Tibet. Cervical cancer refers to malignant tumors that occur in the vaginal part of the uterus and the cervical canal. The general trend is that rural areas are higher than urban areas and mountainous areas are higher than plains. According to retrospective surveys of provinces, cities and autonomous regions, the mortality rate of cervical cancer in my country ranks 10th among all cancer mortality rates and 10th among female cancers. The metastasis of cervical cancer can spread directly to adjacent tissues and organs, downward to the vaginal vault and vaginal wall, upward to invade the uterine body, to the sides to invade the pelvic tissue, forward to invade the bladder, and backward to invade the rectum. It can also metastasize to the paracervical, internal iliac, external iliac, and inguinal lymph nodes through lymphatic vessels, and even metastasize to the supraclavicular and other lymph nodes throughout the body in the late stage. Hematogenous metastasis is relatively rare, and common metastatic sites are the lungs, liver and bones. When the symptoms of cervical cancer appear three months later, 2/3 of the patients have advanced cancer.

Can endometrial cancer be cured? This question is closely related to the patient's own situation and the choice of treatment. Surgery is the first choice for uterine cancer that has not metastasized or spread. The first choice for early endometrial cancer is total hysterectomy, including removal of the uterus, cervix, ovaries and fallopian tubes. Extensive surgery is sufficient to cure early uterine cancer and prevent recurrence as much as possible. If the cancer has spread beyond the uterus, radiotherapy is supplemented after surgery to eliminate residual cancer cells. When the cancer has not spread and the lesion is large, some doctors also recommend radiotherapy.

Patients with extensive metastatic uterine cancer are usually treated with hormone therapy to slow the growth of the cancer and with chemotherapy or radiation therapy to reduce the size and number of metastases. Such treatment is rarely a cure, but it can prolong life and relieve symptoms. If distant tumors can be successfully controlled and the cancer is confined to the genitourinary organs, surgery can be performed. Patients in remission need to be checked every few months for several years. If the cancer recurs, it usually occurs within 3 years. If the recurrence is treated early, it can be cured with invasive radiation therapy or further surgery.

General treatment of cervical cancer

The treatment principle of endometrial cancer should be determined based on the clinical stage, the degree of differentiation of cancer cells, the patient's general condition and other factors. Because the vast majority of endometrial cancers are adenocarcinomas, which are not sensitive to radiotherapy, surgery is the main treatment, and other comprehensive treatments include radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other drugs.

1. Surgical treatment

Bickenbach (1967) has concluded that the effect of simple surgery is better than that of simple radiotherapy, and its 5-year cure rate is 20% higher for surgical treatment than for radiotherapy. According to the long-term follow-up of 516 cases of endometrial cancer by Zhang Xiyin et al. in China, the survival rate of simple surgery was 72%, and that of preoperative radiotherapy plus surgery was 60%. The survival rates after 5, 10, 15, and 20 years of observation were 85.9%-88.8%, 82.5%-85.8%, 81.4%-84.8%, and 77.3%-81.7%, respectively. This shows the effect of surgical treatment. Surgery can clarify the scope of the lesion, correctly perform clinical staging, and correctly determine the scope of surgery. In the past, according to the FIGO staging in 1982, patients in stage I usually underwent extrafascial total hysterectomy plus bilateral adnexectomy; patients in stage II underwent extensive hysterectomy plus bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. For patients in stage III and IV, surgery should be performed first if surgery is possible, and the lesion should be removed as much as possible to reduce the size of the tumor. Radiotherapy or progesterone therapy should be performed after surgery. Otherwise, progesterone, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy should be performed first and then surgery should be performed when surgery is possible. Other treatments are still needed after surgery.

At present, radiotherapy and surgical treatment are still the first choice of treatment for cervical cancer, and their curative effects are certain. The remission rate of anticancer chemotherapy is low, and it cannot be used alone to achieve the purpose of cure. However, for patients with advanced cervical cancer, when the tumor has metastasized or important organs have been widely affected, surgical treatment and radiotherapy are difficult to be effective. At this time, from the perspective of systemic therapeutic effects, chemotherapy has advantages that radiotherapy and surgical treatment cannot match. In addition, chemotherapy can also be used in combination with surgery or radiotherapy to expand surgical indications, prevent metastasis, promote the sensitivity of radiotherapy, and improve the efficacy.

The above is some knowledge about uterine cancer treatment that we have prepared for you today. We hope it will be helpful to you. If you have any other needs, you can also consult our online consulting experts. We are always here to answer your questions. I wish you health and happiness!

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