What are the complications of liver cancer?

Most cases of gastrointestinal bleeding are caused by portal hypertension due to liver cirrhosis or cancer thrombus, which causes esophageal varicose veins to rupture and bleed. Patients often die from hemorrhagic shock or induced hepatic encephalopathy. In addition, patients with advanced liver cancer may also suffer from extensive bleeding due to gastrointestinal mucosal erosion, ulcers and coagulation disorders. The reasons for liver cancer patients with gastrointestinal bleeding are:

(1) Esophageal varices: Patients with liver cancer often have liver cirrhosis. Patients with liver cirrhosis often develop esophageal varices due to portal hypertension. Liver cancer and portal vein thrombus can aggravate portal hypertension, causing esophageal varices to rupture and bleed.

(2) Portal hypertensive gastropathy: portal hypertension leads to decreased gastric mucosal blood flow, extensive edema of the submucosal layer, mucosal ischemia, hypoxia, metabolic disorders, and decreased gastric mucosal barrier function.

(3) Coagulation dysfunction: Reduced liver function in patients with liver cancer leads to reduced synthesis of coagulation factors, increased fibrinolysis and abnormal platelet quality, which in turn lead to coagulation dysfunction. Once gastrointestinal bleeding occurs, it is often difficult to stop on its own.

(4) When liver cancer nodules rupture and bleed, the blood can flow out of the bile duct system and into the intestines.

(5) Liver cancer metastasis directly infiltrates the gastrointestinal mucosal blood vessels, causing gastrointestinal bleeding.

If patients need more information about liver cancer, they can consult the hospital. Our hospital has many liver cancer treatment experts with superb medical skills and rich experience in treating liver cancer. We hope that the above introduction can help patients recover. For details, please consult our online experts. We wish patients a speedy health!

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