What are the ways nasopharyngeal carcinoma spreads?

In recent years, nasopharyngeal carcinoma has become one of the major diseases that endanger society and human health. It is mainly caused by changes in spirit and mood, emotional discomfort, internal organ weakness, insufficient vital energy, and inability to adapt to changes in external climate and environment, or by inhalation of viruses and smoke, dietary disorders, nasopharyngeal diseases (including residual gland infection in the nasopharynx, mucosal erosion, mucosal ulcers, and nasopharyngeal hyperplasia and nodules), etc. It brings great pain and distress to humans. So it is necessary for us to understand the spread of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

1. Direct spread: The tumor can extend upward and invade and destroy the skull base bones, with the oval foramen being the most commonly damaged. In the late stage, it can destroy the sella turcica and invade the II to VI cranial nerves through the foramen rupture, causing corresponding symptoms. The tumor can invade the oropharynx, palatine tonsils, and tongue root downward, the nasal cavity and orbit forward, the cervical spine backward, and the Eustachian tube to the middle ear outward.

2. Lymphatic metastasis The nasopharyngeal mucosal lamina propria is rich in lymphatic vessels, so lymphatic metastasis can occur in the early stage of this cancer. About half of nasopharyngeal cancer patients seek medical treatment for swollen cervical lymph nodes. It first metastasizes to the posterior pharyngeal wall lymph nodes, then to the deep neck and other cervical lymph nodes, and rarely to the superficial cervical lymph nodes. Cervical lymph node metastasis is usually on the same side, followed by bilateral, and rarely to the opposite side.

3. Hematogenous metastasis often spreads to the liver, lungs, bones, and then to the kidneys, adrenal glands, and pancreas.

According to China's unified classification, the pathological histological types of NPC are divided into undifferentiated carcinoma, poorly differentiated carcinoma (including large round cell carcinoma, pleomorphic cell carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma and mixed cell carcinoma, etc.) and highly differentiated carcinoma (including squamous cell carcinoma, grade I and II adenocarcinoma, etc.). The World Health Organization's classification is keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma.

The above is the spread of nasopharyngeal cancer. Expert Tips: If you have symptoms of disease, do not delay diagnosis and do not let your life be ruined by hesitation. You should go to a regular hospital for treatment in time to avoid delaying the disease and causing serious consequences. If you have other questions, please consult our online experts or call for consultation. Believe in miracles and wish you health, happiness and joy!

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