How to judge pathological myopia

There are many people with myopia around us. There are many factors that lead to myopia, which are generally related to improper use of the eyes. With the widespread popularization of computers and mobile phones, more and more people are suffering from myopia. There is another type of myopia which is pathological myopia, which is related to genetics. We need to be clear about the correct way to judge it. So, how to judge pathological myopia? Let’s take a look below.

The occurrence of pathological myopia is closely related to genetics. The main mode of inheritance is single gene inheritance, with genetic heterogeneity, including autosomal recessive inheritance, autosomal dominant inheritance, sex-linked recessive inheritance and other modes of inheritance.

Clinical manifestations

Key Features:

1. Visual impairment begins before puberty and progresses rapidly, becoming more pronounced during puberty and becoming stable or relatively static in adulthood.

2. Myopia refractive power is mostly >-6D.

3. The eye axis is significantly extended, and the length is mostly related to the refractive power.

4. Fundus lesions may appear early and often progressively worsen.

5. Visual function is obviously impaired, distance vision is poor, and near vision may also be lower than normal. Functions such as visual field, light perception and contrast sensitivity often show abnormalities.

treat

There is currently no specific treatment for pathological myopia. The following measures are generally taken:

1. Wearing glasses

Wear corrective glasses early and wear them regularly. As myopia gradually worsens, glasses should be constantly updated. In addition, you can prepare a pair of contact lenses and wear them from time to time, and replace them in time as the refractive power increases.

2. Treatment of the cause

For patients with secondary systemic or ocular degenerative diseases, treatment is directed at the cause.

3. Surgery

The most commonly used surgery is refractive corneal surgery. For severe myopia, a type of surgery with high refractive correction efficiency can be chosen, such as excimer laser in situ keratomileusis, epikeratology, etc. Some people also try refractive lens surgery. For progressive pathological myopia, the posterior sclera is reinforced by bypassing the posterior pole of the eyeball with fascia lata, allogenic scleral strips, dura mater or silicone sponge, hoping to prevent the progression of myopia and reduce the occurrence of fundus complications.

5. Treatment of complications

For example, glaucoma can be treated with medication and surgery; cataracts and retinal detachment can be treated with corresponding surgical treatments; subretinal neovascular membrane and macular hemorrhage can be treated with laser treatment and photodynamic therapy; severe macular lesions can be treated with foveal shift surgery, etc.