Thyroid nodule positive

If the thyroid nodules are positive, it may be because we have thyroid diseases, such as thyroid cysts and thyroid hypertrophy. At this time, we need to pay attention to it. Understanding the causes of these diseases will be of great help in treating thyroid hypertrophy. Let us now look at what symptoms will appear when the thyroid nodule is positive.

Thyroid nodules refer to lumps inside the thyroid gland that can move up and down with the thyroid gland with swallowing. It is a common clinical disease and can be caused by a variety of causes. There are many thyroid diseases clinically, such as thyroid degeneration, inflammation, autoimmunity and neoplasms, which can manifest as nodules. Thyroid nodules can be single or multiple. The incidence of multiple nodules is higher than that of single nodules, but the incidence of thyroid cancer in single nodules is higher.

What are the symptoms of thyroid nodules?

1. Nodular goiter. It is more common in middle-aged women. When the body's thyroid hormone is relatively insufficient, the pituitary gland secretes more TSH. Under the long-term stimulation of this increased TSH, the thyroid gland undergoes repeated or continuous hyperplasia, leading to uneven enlargement and nodular changes in the thyroid gland. There may be hemorrhage, cystic changes and calcification within the nodule. The size of the nodules can range from a few millimeters to several centimeters. The main clinical manifestation is thyroid enlargement. Multiple nodules of varying sizes can be felt during palpation. The texture of the nodules is mostly of medium hardness. A few patients can only palpate a single nodule, but multiple nodules are often found during thyroid imaging or surgery. Patients do not have many clinical symptoms, generally only discomfort in the front of the neck, and thyroid function tests are mostly normal.

2. Nodular toxic goiter. The disease has a slow onset and often occurs in patients who have had nodular goiter for many years. The age is mostly over 40 to 50 years old, and it is more common in women. It may be accompanied by symptoms and physical signs of hyperthyroidism, but the symptoms of hyperthyroidism are generally mild, often atypical, and infiltrative exophthalmos generally does not occur. When palpating the thyroid gland, a smooth round or oval nodule can be felt with clear boundaries and a hard texture. It moves up and down with swallowing, and there is no vascular murmur in the thyroid gland area. Thyroid function tests show elevated thyroid hormone in the blood, which is caused by functional autonomous nodules, and radionuclide scanning shows "hot nodules".

3. Inflammatory nodules. It is divided into infectious and non-infectious types. The former is mainly subacute thyroiditis caused by viral infection, while other infections are rare. In addition to thyroid nodules, subacute thyroiditis is clinically accompanied by fever and local thyroid pain. The size of the nodules depends on the extent of the lesions and the texture is tough. The latter is mainly caused by autoimmune thyroiditis, which is more common in middle-aged and young women. Patients have fewer subjective symptoms. Multiple or single nodules can be palpated during examination. The texture is hard and tough, with little tenderness. Thyroid function tests often show strong positive results for thyroglobulin antibodies and thyroid microsomal antibodies.

4. Thyroid cyst. The vast majority are formed by degenerative changes of goiter nodules or adenomas. The cysts contain blood or slightly turbid fluid, have clear boundaries with the surrounding areas, are hard in texture, and are generally painless. Radionuclide scanning shows "cold nodules". A small number of patients are caused by congenital thyrohyoid cysts or remnants of the fourth branchial cleft.

5. Thyroid tumor. Including benign thyroid tumors, thyroid cancer and metastatic cancer.