Gonorrhea DNA positive

The results of the gonococcal DNA test are positive. I believe many patients do not know what symptoms they have. At this time, you can consult relevant medical personnel and check relevant information. This is very important for our treatment of positive gonococci. Because positive gonococcal DNA may be caused by acute urethritis or vaginitis, etc., it can bring serious consequences to patients, and you should understand its clinical symptoms.

Gonorrhea is the common name for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a strict human parasite that often exists in the white blood cells of purulent secretions of acute urethritis and vaginitis. Its morphological staining is similar to that of meningococci. Gonorrhea infection can cause purulent infection of the urogenital system and is one of the common sexually transmitted diseases, commonly known as gonorrhea. Clinical manifestations are most common in urethritis and cervicitis. Typical symptoms include difficulty urinating, frequent urination, urgency, pain, and discharge of mucus or purulent secretions. It can also invade the eyes, pharynx, rectum, pelvis, etc., and spread through the bloodstream to cause arthritis, perihepatitis, sepsis, endocarditis or meningitis. Microbiological examination mainly involves urethral purulent secretion smear and Gram staining microscopy. If Gram-negative diplococci are found in neutrophils, it has diagnostic value and isolation and culture are performed if necessary.

Clinical manifestations

1. Uncomplicated gonorrhea

(1) Male gonorrhea

① The incubation period of acute gonorrhea in men is generally 2 to 10 days, with an average of 3 to 5 days. The urethral opening begins to feel burning, itching, redness, swelling and eversion. Burning pain during urination, accompanied by frequent urination, and a small amount of mucous secretion from the urethra. After 3 to 4 days, most focal necrosis occurs in the urethral mucosal epithelium, producing a large amount of purulent secretions, stinging pain during urination, and significant redness and swelling of the glans penis and foreskin. Gonorrhea or blood may be seen in the urethra, and pus scabs may form at the urethral opening in the morning. Accompanied by systemic symptoms of varying severity.

② Chronic gonorrhea in men generally has no obvious symptoms. When the body's resistance is reduced, such as when excessive fatigue, drinking, or having sexual intercourse, symptoms of urethritis may appear.

(2) Female gonorrhea

① After acute gonorrhea infection in women, the initial symptoms are mild or asymptomatic. Generally, after an incubation period of 3 to 5 days, urethritis, cervicitis, paraurethral glanditis, vestibular glanditis and proctitis will appear successively, among which cervicitis is the most common. 70% of female gonorrhea patients have urinary tract infections. Gonococcal cervicitis is common and often occurs at the same time as urethritis.

② Chronic gonorrhea in women: Acute gonorrhea can become chronic if not adequately treated. Symptoms include lower abdominal distension, back pain, and excessive vaginal discharge.

③ Pregnancy complicated by gonorrhea often has no clinical symptoms. When a pregnant woman with gonorrhea gives birth, the infection may reach the fetus through the birth canal, especially when the fetus is in breech presentation. This may lead to premature rupture of membranes, intra-amniotic infection, premature birth, postpartum sepsis, and endometritis.

④ In young girls, gonococcal vulvovaginitis causes redness and swelling of the vulva, perineum and perianal area, and a lot of purulent vaginal secretions, which can cause dysuria, local irritation symptoms and ulceration.

2. Gonorrhea with complications

(1) Complications of gonorrhea in men

① In cases of prostatitis and seminal vesiculitis, if the seminal vesicles are affected, blood may be mixed in the semen. When complicated with prostatitis, there is pain in the perineum, rectal examination reveals an enlarged and painful prostate, and enlarged seminal vesicles.

② Epididymitis and bulbourethritis: epididymal pain, swelling and tenderness. When complicated by bulbourethritis, swollen glands can be felt in the perineum, and the patient feels discomfort or dull pain. When complicated by acute epididymitis, the scrotum is red, swollen and painful, the epididymis is swollen and painful, and the spermatic cord is thickened.

③The stimulation of purulent secretions of gonococcal balanitis can cause inflammation of the glans and foreskin.

④ Glandular urethritis, retention cyst, lymphangitis, lymphadenitis and preputial gland abscess The crypts and glands of the anterior urethra may be invaded, which is called glandular urethritis. If these glands become blocked, they may form retention cysts, which may rupture and form periurethral cysts. Inflammation of the paraurethral glands or around the urethra may extend to the corpus cavernosum of the penis, often complicated by lymphangitis and unilateral or bilateral inguinal lymphadenitis. The preputial glands on both sides of the frenulum of the penis may also be affected and form abscesses.

(2) Complications of gonorrhea in women

① Gonococcal Bartholinitis: The opening of the Bartholin's gland is red and swollen, protruding outward, with obvious tenderness and purulent secretions. In severe cases, the opening of the gland duct is blocked by purulent secretions and cannot be excreted, forming a Bartholin's gland abscess, which is painful and difficult to move. It may be accompanied by fever, general discomfort and other symptoms. ② Gonorrheal paraurethral glanditis causes purulent secretions to flow out from the external urethral opening when the paraurethral glands are squeezed.

③ When there is a lot of vaginal secretions in gonococcal perianal inflammation, it can drain to the perianal area and perineum and cause inflammation.

④ Gonorrheal pelvic inflammatory disease includes acute salpingitis, endometritis, secondary tubo-ovarian abscess, pelvic peritonitis and pelvic abscess, etc. In a small number of cases, gonococcal endometritis may cause ascending infection, resulting in gonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease, salpingitis, oophoritis, adnexitis and endometritis. It can cause fallopian tube obstruction, water accumulation and infertility. If it adheres to the ovary, it may lead to fallopian tube-ovarian abscess, and once the abscess ruptures, it may cause purulent peritonitis. Most pelvic inflammatory diseases occur after menstruation, mainly in young women of childbearing age. Typical symptoms include severe pain in the lower abdomen on both sides, which is more severe on one side, fever, general discomfort, chills before the fever, and are often accompanied by loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting. Most patients experience prolonged menstruation or irregular vaginal bleeding, increased purulent leucorrhea, etc.

3. Extra-urogenital gonorrhea (1) Gonorrheal conjunctivitis This disease is rare. It can occur in newborns and adults, with conjunctival congestion and edema, and purulent secretions. In severe cases, it can cause corneal ulcers and blindness.

(2) Gonorrheal pharyngitis is usually asymptomatic. Symptomatic cases may include redness and swelling of the throat and purulent secretions.

(3) Gonococcal proctitis is often accompanied by anal itching and burning sensation, painful defecation, discharge of mucus and purulent secretions, rectal congestion, edema, purulent secretions, erosions, small ulcers and fissures. 4. Disseminated gonorrhea is disseminated gonococcal infection, which is rare. Low to moderate fever occurs, with body temperature mostly below 39°C, and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as fatigue and decreased appetite. Signs of cardiovascular and nervous system involvement may occur.