How to treat acute aplastic anemia

For acute aplastic anemia, it is important to take correct treatment measures. The first is immunosuppressant treatment to induce somatic cell proliferation and restore hematopoiesis. Bone marrow transplantation is also a method to treat aplastic anemia.

1. Immunosuppressive therapy

1. Anti-lymphocyte globulin (ALG), anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG): These products have the function of suppressing immunity mediated by immune-active T cells. They can induce T cell proliferation and restore hematopoiesis.

2. Cyclosporine A (CSA): It is a killer of Ts cell and Tc cell clones, which corrects the immune disorder of patients with aplastic anemia and promotes the recovery of bone marrow hematopoietic function in severe aplastic anemia.

2. Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT)

A lot of experience has been gained abroad in using bone marrow transplantation to treat aplastic anemia. Since it is not easy to find a donor with a similar HLA tissue match for bone marrow transplantation, and it consumes a lot of manpower and material resources, the indications should be strictly selected. Regarding the indications, there are the following views: severe aplastic anemia (except the elderly), granulocytes below 0.5×10^9/L, platelets below 20×10^9/L, and lymphocytes in the bone marrow above 75%; it is best to perform the procedure within 3 months after diagnosis; age under 20 years old; few blood transfusions before transplantation (preferably no blood transfusions); same HLA matching.

3. Prevention

1. Avoid infection, especially cold symptoms. Viral infection is also clinically diagnosed as one of the causes of aplastic anemia. The most common one is the hepatitis virus. Clinical observation shows that aplastic anemia is more common in non-A, non-B hepatitis, and has nothing to do with hepatitis A. Some patients with aplastic anemia have a history of cold before the onset of the disease, which shows that some aplastic anemia may be secondary to the common cold.

2. Medication should be used scientifically and must be taken strictly in accordance with relevant medication instructions. Do not increase or decrease the dosage on your own. It is best to consult relevant experts for guidance on medication. If necessary, observe changes in blood counts so that the medication can be stopped in time. Avoid exposure to harmful chemicals such as benzene. There are reports of excessive consumption of saccharin leading to aplastic anemia, so it is advisable to consume less saccharin. Suffering from nutritional anemia, active treatment should be sought to prevent it from developing into aplastic anemia.

3. Avoid long-term contact with high-radiation materials. If the human body is in a high-radiation environment for a long time, it will lead to a decrease in the body's red blood cells, which will then induce blood diseases. Therefore, friends who work with radiation for a long time must strictly abide by the operating system and strengthen protection. This can reduce the chance of aplastic anemia and avoid excessive exposure. Chemical substances, especially drugs, are the most common factors that cause aplastic anemia, so we must pay attention to the rational use of drugs.