Hyperthyroidism is actually a type of thyroid disease. In our endocrine system, although the amount of secretion of the thyroid gland is not large, it plays a vital role in our metabolism. Once you suffer from hyperthyroidism, your body will show obvious symptoms, but hyperthyroidism is not incurable. Timely treatment and iodine supplementation can relieve the discomfort. Hyperthyroidism, abbreviated as "hyperthyroidism", is a disease caused by the thyroid gland synthesizing and releasing too much thyroid hormone, which causes the body's hypermetabolism and sympathetic nerve excitement, leading to palpitations, sweating, increased eating and bowel movements, and weight loss. Most patients also often have symptoms such as exophthalmos, eyelid edema, and decreased vision. Physical examination revealed an enlarged thyroid gland (mild to severe). In elderly patients, the enlargement is often not obvious and the thyroid gland is soft or medium in texture. In severe patients, vascular murmurs can be heard throughout the entire period using a stethoscope. In severe hyperthyroidism, tremors can even be felt when touched by hand. The heart rate of most patients with hyperthyroidism is increased, often exceeding 90 beats per minute when at rest, and elderly patients may exhibit rapid atrial fibrillation. Patients with hyperthyroidism have hot flashes on the skin and fine hand tremors. Many patients also have eyelid edema, widened palpebral fissures, less blinking in both eyes, and conjunctival congestion and edema. Severe patients may experience exophthalmos, restricted eye movement, and even incomplete eyelid closure. Some patients with more severe hyperthyroidism experience myxedema in the anterior tibia (shinbone) of the lower limbs. The skin in front of the tibia becomes coarser, thicker, and rougher, with an orange peel-like appearance. The sweat hair becomes coarser, similar to elephantiasis, and is quite difficult to treat. There are also some inflammatory hyperthyroidism (or destructive hyperthyroidism) in clinical practice. It is caused by thyroid inflammatory reaction which leads to changes in the permeability of thyroid follicular cell membrane. A large amount of thyroid hormone is released into the blood from the follicular cells, causing a significant increase in thyroid hormone and a decrease in TSH in the blood. The clinical manifestations and biochemical tests are similar to hyperthyroidism. Inflammatory hyperthyroidism includes the hyperthyroidism stage of subacute thyroiditis, the hyperthyroidism stage of painless thyroiditis, the hyperthyroidism stage of postpartum thyroiditis and iodine-induced hyperthyroidism type 2. |
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