What should I pay attention to during myocardial infarction

In real life, myocardial infarction is a relatively common heart disease. It can easily lead to dizziness, headache, chest tightness, difficulty breathing, etc. It can also easily lead to palpitations, decreased body resistance, etc. It needs timely treatment. In addition to taking medications on time, you also need to pay more attention to some diet and daily life matters. You should eat more blood-enriching foods and avoid eating too greasy foods.

What should I pay attention to during myocardial infarction?

After myocardial infarction patients have passed the critical period, in addition to keeping a good mood, taking medicine as prescribed by the doctor, paying attention to rest, and taking good care of themselves, they should also pay attention to the following points in daily diet and nutrition:

1. Control total calorie intake. Clinical data show that many patients with myocardial infarction are overweight or obese. Because too much fat surrounds the heart, it compresses the myocardium, causing myocardial function to further weaken. Therefore, total dietary calories should be restricted to control body weight. When resting, the daily calorie supply should be 25 to 30 kcal per kilogram of body weight.

2. Supplement vitamin C and trace elements. Vitamin C can not only enhance the elasticity and toughness of blood vessels and prevent bleeding, but also promote wound healing. Foods rich in vitamin C are mainly vegetables and fruits, especially kiwi, citrus, strawberry, fresh dates, etc. Iodine and magnesium among trace elements play an important role in lowering serum cholesterol, reducing the deposition of cholesterol lipids and calcium salts on the blood vessel walls, and slowing down the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Seafood such as fish, shrimp, kelp, jellyfish, and seaweed contain high levels of iodine and can be eaten alternately in daily diet. Magnesium can increase the excitability of the myocardium. If the body lacks magnesium, heart rhythm disorders, chest tightness and shortness of breath will occur, and coronary blood flow will be affected, further leading to myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, which is very harmful to the diseased myocardium and may even cause the disease to relapse. Magnesium is found in high concentrations in green leafy vegetables.

3. Low-fat, low-cholesterol diet: Soybean oil, corn oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, rapeseed oil, etc. should be used as cooking oil in daily diet. Because these vegetable oils are high in unsaturated fatty acids and contain no cholesterol. Avoid consuming too much animal fat and animal offal that is high in cholesterol. At the same time, you should eat more soy products, and the total daily cholesterol intake should be controlled below 300 mg.

4. Limit the amount of salt. The main ingredient in table salt is sodium. Excessive sodium intake can increase the sensitivity of blood vessels to various blood pressure-raising substances, causing spasms in small arteries and increasing blood pressure. Sodium also has a strong water absorbing effect. Experiments have shown that each gram of salt can carry 200 to 250 milliliters of water. The more salt you eat, the more blood volume increases, which directly increases the burden on the heart. The World Health Organization recommends that healthy adults should consume 6 grams of salt per day. Therefore, patients with myocardial infarction should consume less than 4 grams of salt per day. It is best not to eat or eat less other foods that are high in salt, such as pickles, fermented tofu, salted bacon, and preserved eggs.

5. Eat small meals frequently and eat soft food. Because myocardial infarction patients have low blood circulation function, it is easy to cause gastrointestinal mucosal congestion, reduced secretion of digestive juice, weakened digestive function, and loss of appetite. Therefore, it is best to eat semi-liquid food and easily digestible soft food, such as skimmed milk, yogurt, rice porridge, glutinous rice and red dates porridge, noodles, noodles, wontons, soft rice, etc. At the same time, the amount of food consumed at each meal should not be too much. It is appropriate to eat 4 to 5 times a day. Otherwise, due to abdominal distension, the blood flow to the abdominal organs will increase relatively, which will reflexively reduce the blood flow in the coronary arteries, inducing angina pectoris, heart rhythm disorders, heart failure or aggravating the degree of myocardial infarction, and even causing sudden death. In addition, you should also eat some coarse grains, potatoes, and fruits, because increasing the intake of food fiber can increase the volume of stool, soften the stool, promote intestinal peristalsis, and prevent constipation.

Constipation is the enemy of heart patients because abdominal pressure increases when defecating, which increases the amount of blood returning to the heart. In addition, holding the breath and exerting force will increase the heart's oxygen consumption. In clinical practice, it is not uncommon for patients with myocardial infarction to die suddenly due to straining during defecation due to dry and hard stools.

Therefore, it is necessary to keep the bowels open to prevent accidents. Patients can often eat bananas, pears, citrus fruits, etc. In addition, all irritating foods, tobacco and alcohol should be avoided.