First aid methods for myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction_Nursing diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction is a relatively common disease of the human heart for many people. Myocardial infarction is very harmful to physical health. It not only harms physical health, but also easily leads to physical complications, easily causing physical fatigue, anemia and other symptoms. The first aid method for myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction requires immediate quietness during the onset of the disease, taking medication, and avoiding strenuous exercise.

First aid measures for myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction

1. First aid measures for myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction

Regardless of whether it is a precursor symptom or the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction, you must immediately stop activities, rest quietly on the spot, and quickly use emergency medications, such as dissolving nitroglycerin tablets in your mouth or sniffing amyl nitrite. Or take Guanxin Suhe Pills, etc.

When acute myocardial infarction occurs, if shock occurs, you should lie flat with your head slightly lowered, clear foreign objects in your mouth promptly, and keep your airway open.

If there is no obvious hypotension, coronary dilation drugs can be used as appropriate, such as 0.6 mg of nitroglycerin and 5-10 mg of isoflavones taken orally.

In case of acute left heart failure such as dyspnea and cyanosis, the patient should sit upright with both lower limbs hanging down or in a semi-recumbent position. The lower limbs can also be ligated alternately to reduce the amount of blood returning to the heart and alleviate the severity of heart failure.

There are ventricular premature beats or they are extensive on the anterior wall. In case of myocardial infarction, 75 to 150 mg of lidocaine can be injected intravenously, followed by intravenous drip at a rate of 1 to 4 mg per minute.

2. Clinical response to myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction

Sudden onset of severe and persistent squeezing pain behind the sternum or in the precordial area that is not relieved by rest or sublingual nitroglycerin, often accompanied by irritability, sweating, fear, or a sense of impending death.

Mental disorder: can be seen in elderly patients.

Systemic symptoms: indescribable discomfort, fever.

Gastrointestinal symptoms: nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, etc., which are more common in patients with inferior wall myocardial infarction.

Arrhythmia: seen in 75% to 95% of patients, occurring within 1 to 2 weeks of onset, more common within 24 hours. Ventricular arrhythmias are more likely to occur in anterior wall myocardial infarction, while bradycardia and atrioventricular conduction block are more likely to occur in inferior wall myocardial infarction.

Nursing diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction

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Nursing diagnosis and measures for acute myocardial infarction

diagnosis:

Pain: related to myocardial ischemia, hypoxia and necrosis

Partial self-care deficits: associated with pain, discomfort, arrhythmias, and the need for bed rest

Activity intolerance: related to imbalance between oxygen supply and demand

There is a risk of constipation: related to eating less, less activity, and not being used to defecating in bed

Fear: Linked to severe pain leading to a sense of impending death

Impaired gas exchange: associated with acute left heart failure

Potential complications: arrhythmia, heart failure, cardiogenic shock, bleeding

measure:

1. General care:

① Rest and activity, ② Dietary guidance, ③ Keep bowel movements smooth

2. Observation of the condition: electrocardiogram, blood pressure, respiration, consciousness, intake and output, peripheral circulation, and hemodynamic monitoring

3. Pain care: Use morphine - pay attention to the suppression of respiratory function, observe blood pressure and pulse.

Provide oxygen - adjust the oxygen flow rate according to blood oxygen saturation monitoring.

4. Nursing of thrombolytic therapy:

Ask the patient whether he has active bleeding, peptic ulcer, cerebrovascular disease, recent surgery, history of trauma, check platelets, clotting time, and blood type.

5. Psychological care:

Explain to patients the negative impact of negative emotions on the disease, understand patients' needs in a timely manner, and solve patients' problems in a timely manner.

6. Rehabilitation care:

① During hospitalization: instruct patients to rest in bed and perform low-intensity physical activities. Implement health education.