What is the function of blood sugar?

Blood sugar is the most important tissue component of the human body and a source of physical energy. Most people need sugar every day to provide internal organs for absorption to keep the body in a balanced state. It can also regulate the endocrine system and has a beneficial effect on the nerves. If the blood sugar level in the body is low, it can easily lead to malnutrition, which is very harmful to health.

blood sugar

Glucose in the blood is called blood glucose (Glu). Glucose is an important component of the human body and an important source of energy. A normal human body needs a lot of sugar every day to provide energy and power the normal functioning of various tissues and organs. Therefore, blood sugar must be maintained at a certain level to meet the needs of various organs and tissues in the body. In normal people, the production and utilization of blood sugar are in a state of dynamic equilibrium and maintained at a relatively stable level. This is because the source and destination of blood sugar are roughly the same. The sources of blood sugar include: ① food digestion and absorption; ② decomposition of glycogen stored in the liver; ③ conversion of fat and protein. The paths of blood sugar include: ① oxidation and conversion into energy; ② conversion into glycogen and storage in the liver, kidneys and muscles; ③ conversion into other nutrients such as fat and protein and storage. The pancreatic islets are the main organs in the body that regulate blood sugar concentrations, and the liver stores glycogen. In addition, blood sugar concentration is also regulated by nerves and endocrine hormones.

principle

Under the catalysis of glucose oxidase, glucose is oxidized to produce gluconic acid and release hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide releases oxygen in the presence of peroxidase and chromogenic receptors, oxidizing chromogens into red quinone compounds. At 505nm, the amount of quinone produced is proportional to the amount of glucose.

Clinical significance

1. Increase

(1) Physiological increase: 1 to 2 hours after a meal, after glucose injection, when the mood is tense, adrenaline secretion increases, and after the injection of adrenaline, blood sugar will temporarily increase.

(2) Pathological increase: various types of diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, myocardial infarction, hyperthyroidism, hyperadrenalism, intracranial hemorrhage, etc.

2. Reduce

(1) Physiological decrease: common in hunger, strenuous exercise, after insulin injection, pregnancy, breastfeeding and taking hypoglycemic drugs.

(2) Pathological decrease: commonly seen in pancreatic islet cell tumors, abnormal glucose metabolism, severe liver disease, hypopituitarism, adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism, long-term malnutrition, excessive insulin injection, etc.

Normal reference range

Fasting: 3.92～6.16mmol/L (oxidase method or hexokinase method).