What diseases can be detected by blood test?

I believe everyone has had the experience of having a blood test. For example, when students are in school, they have to undergo regular physical examinations, which include blood tests. In addition, when they leave the campus and enter the workplace, they have to undergo an employment physical examination before joining the job, which also requires a blood test. Blood tests have become an indispensable item in physical examinations. So, what diseases can be detected through routine blood tests?

What diseases can be detected by blood test?

Red blood cell count: Anemia or blood loss can affect the number of red blood cells. High values ​​may indicate polycythemia, while low values ​​may indicate anemia.

White blood cell examination: An increase in neutrophils is mainly seen in purulent bacterial infections in the body; a decrease in neutrophils is seen in the use of certain drugs, certain diseases such as influenza, radiation exposure, rheumatic diseases, certain blood diseases and other reasons; and an increase in lymphocytes is seen in infections caused by certain viruses such as measles, viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, lymphoproliferative diseases, etc. The reduction is mainly seen in exposure to radiation and the use of cortical hormones such as prednisone.

Hemoglobin test: Hemoglobin exists in red blood cells and is a substance that transports oxygen to provide the body with the necessary oxygen. Due to the influence of menstruation and pregnancy, women's hemoglobin is generally lower than that of men, so women are more susceptible to anemia. High values ​​may indicate polycythemia and decreased cardiac output, while low values ​​may indicate hypochromic anemia or iron deficiency anemia. Generally speaking, men and women with hemoglobin levels below 10g/dl are severely anemic, but it is not a big deal if it is 1-2g/dl lower than the normal value.

There are hundreds of commonly used blood tests, which are divided into two categories: one is non-specific indicators. If certain indicators increase or decrease, it can support or exclude the diagnosis of certain diseases. The other is a specific indicator, that is, an increase or decrease (negative or positive) of a certain indicator can diagnose or rule out a certain disease.

1. Biochemistry:

1. Liver function: used to diagnose hepatitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, fatty liver, pancreatitis, etc.

2. Renal function: used to diagnose nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, etc.

3. Myocardial enzymes: used to diagnose myocardial infarction, myocarditis, etc.

4. Blood sugar: used to diagnose diabetes, hypoglycemia, etc.

5. Blood lipids: used to diagnose hyperlipidemia and metabolic diseases

6. Electrolytes: used to diagnose electrolyte disorders and certain element deficiencies caused by various serious illnesses.

7. Amylase: used to diagnose pancreatitis, cholecystitis, etc.

8. Protein electrophoresis: used for screening and diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, multiple myeloma, kidney disease, etc.